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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Pathophysiological role of the cytokine network in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Pathophysiological role of the cytokine network in the anterior pituitary gland.

机译：细胞因子网络在垂体前叶腺中的病理生理作用。

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摘要

Recent evidence has demonstrated that cytokines and other growth factors act in the anterior pituitary gland. Using the traditional criteria employed to determine autocrine or paracrine functions our review shows that, in addition to their role as lymphocyte messengers, certain cytokines are autocrine or paracrine regulators of anterior pituitary function and growth. The cytokines known to regulate and/or be expressed in the anterior pituitary include the inflammatory cytokine family (IL-1 and its endogenous antagonist, IL-1ra; TNF-alpha, and IL-6), the Th1-cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma), and other cytokines such as LIF, MIF, and TGF-beta. This review examines at the cellular, molecular, and physiological levels whether: (1) each cytokine alters some aspect of pituitary physiology; (2) receptors for the cytokine are expressed in the gland; and (3) the cytokine is produced in the anterior pituitary. Should physiological stimuli regulate pituitary cytokine production, this would constitute additional proof of their autocrine/paracrine role. In this context, we analyze in this review the current literature on the actions of cytokines known to regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion, selecting the in vivo studies that support the direct action of the cytokine in the anterior pituitary. Further support for direct regulatory action is provided by in vitro studies, in explant cultures or pituitary cell lines. The cytokine receptors that have been demonstrated in the pituitary of several species are also discussed. The endogenous production of the homologous cytokines and the regulation of this expression are analyzed. The evidence indicating that cytokines also regulate the growth and proliferation of pituitary cells is reviewed. This action is particularly important since it suggests that intrinsically produced cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. The complex cell to cell communication involved in the action of these factors is discussed. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
机译：最近的证据表明，细胞因子和其他生长因子在垂体前叶中起作用。使用用于确定自分泌或旁分泌功能的传统标准，我们的综述表明，除了它们作为淋巴细胞信使的作用外，某些细胞因子还是垂体前叶功能和生长的自分泌或旁分泌调节剂。已知调节和/或在垂体前叶中表达的细胞因子包括炎性细胞因子家族（IL-1及其内源性拮抗剂IL-1ra;TNF-α和IL-6），Th1-细胞因子（IL-2）和IFN-γ）以及其他细胞因子（如LIF，MIF和TGF-beta）。这篇综述在细胞，分子和生理学水平上检查：（1）每个细胞因子是否改变了垂体生理的某些方面; （2）细胞因子的受体在腺体中表达; （3）在垂体前叶产生细胞因子。如果生理刺激调节垂体细胞因子的产生，这将构成其自分泌/旁分泌作用的额外证据。在这种情况下，我们在这篇综述中分析了已知的调节垂体前叶激素分泌的细胞因子作用的现有文献，选择了支持垂体前叶细胞因子直接作用的体内研究。在外植体培养或垂体细胞系中进行的体外研究为直接调节作用提供了进一步的支持。还讨论了几种物种垂体中已证实的细胞因子受体。分析了同源细胞因子的内源性产生和该表达的调节。审查表明细胞因子也调节垂体细胞生长和增殖的证据。该作用特别重要，因为它表明内在产生的细胞因子可能在垂体腺瘤的发病机理中起作用。讨论了涉及这些因素作用的复杂的细胞间通信。版权所有1999 Academic Press。

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