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首页> 外文期刊>Cell biology international. >Endopolyploidy as a morphogenetic factor of development.
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Endopolyploidy as a morphogenetic factor of development.

机译：内倍体是发育的形态发生因素。

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This paper summarizes the works published by author and his co-workers in the Russian journal Tsitologiya concerning endopolyploidy in mollusks and appraises this phenomenon in general. Both ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects of endopolyploidy have been studied. In the snail Succinea lauta, a complex examination of endomitosis has been performed. A regular replacement of the normal (complete) proliferative mitosis by abnormal (incomplete) restitutional mitosis, and then by Geitler's classic endomitosis has been demonstrated. We examined 29 bivalve and 82 gastropod species for the presence of polyploid cells in glandular tissues and ganglia. In the bivalve species, ordinary diploid cells form various tissues, while in the gastropods, the role of polyploidy in tissue development appears to increase in phylogenesis. The rise of endopolyploidy and cell giantism in histogeneses of a variety of animal and plant species is widely known. It is believed to be a regular event in the evolution of certain groups. To give a universal interpretation of endopolyploidy, we proposed that a single polyploid cell be better considered as an endoclone. In this case, evolutionary transformation of diploid cell clones into polyploid endoclones may be viewed as Dogel's oligomerization applied to cell-tissue level. From this viewpoint, major properties of an oligomerized system (intensification of function, functional efficiency (ergonomy), increased genomes reliability, simplification of the intra- and supersystem regulations, and acceleration of development) can be considered as principal peculiarities of polyploid growth strategy. The above peculiarities allow one to consider endopolyploidy as an additional means of integrative onto(histo)genetic regulations and correlations and as an important evolutionary factor (coordinations) acting through natural selection. Thus, in general, endopolyploidy is an adaptive morphogenetic factor, but its concrete role may differ in different tissues and organisms depending on cell specialization and histogenetic particularities.
机译：本文总结了作者及其同事在俄罗斯《 Tsitologiya》杂志上发表的有关软体动物内多倍体的著作，并对这种现象进行了总体评价。内多倍体的遗传学和系统发育方面都已进行了研究。在蜗牛Succinea lauta中，进行了内吞病的复杂检查。已经证明，正常（完全）增生性有丝分裂可以由异常（不完全）恢复性有丝分裂，然后由盖特勒经典的有丝分裂来代替。我们检查了29个双壳类和82个腹足类动物中腺组织和神经节中多倍体细胞的存在。在双壳类中，普通的二倍体细胞形成各种组织，而在腹足类动物中，多倍体在组织发育中的作用似乎在系统发育中增加。内生多倍体和细胞巨噬细胞在各种动植物物种的组织发生中的兴起已广为人知。在某些群体的进化中，这被认为是正常事件。为了对内多倍体有一个普遍的解释，我们建议将一个多倍体细胞更好地视为内克隆。在这种情况下，二倍体细胞克隆向多倍体内克隆的进化转化可以看作是应用于细胞组织水平的多格尔的寡聚化。从这个角度来看，低聚系统的主要特性（功能增强，功能效率（人体工程学），基因组可靠性增加，内部和超系统规则的简化以及发育的加速）可以被视为多倍体生长策略的主要特征。上述特性使人们可以将内多倍体视为整合到（组织）遗传调控和相关性的另一种手段，并作为通过自然选择起作用的重要进化因子（配位）。因此，一般而言，内多倍体是一种适应性形态发生因子，但其具体作用在不同的组织和生物体中可能有所不同，这取决于细胞的专业化和组织遗传学的特殊性。

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