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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Estrogen and the development and protection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: concerted action of a multitude of signals, protective molecules, and growth factors.
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Estrogen and the development and protection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: concerted action of a multitude of signals, protective molecules, and growth factors.

机译:雌激素与黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元的发育和保护:多种信号,保护性分子和生长因子的协同作用。

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摘要

The nigrostriatal dopamine system comprises the dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral midbrain, their axonal connections to the forebrain, and their direct cellular target cells in the striatal complex, i.e. GABAergic neurons. The major function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic unit is the coordination and fine tuning of motor functions at the extrapyramidal level. Numerous biologically active factors including different types of growth factors (neurotrophins, members of the TGFbeta family, IGFs) and peptide/steroid hormones have been identified in the past to be implicated in the regulation of developmental aspects of this neural system. Some of these developmentally active determinants have in addition been found to play a crucial role in the mediation of neuroprotection concerning dopaminergic neurons. Estrogen was identified as such a compound interfering with embryonic neuronal differentiation and cell survival. The physiological mechanisms underlying these effects are very complex and include interactions with other developmental signals (growth factors), inflammatory processes as well as apoptotic events, but also require the activation of nonneuronal cells such as astrocytes. It appears that estrogen is assuming control over or at least influences a multitude of developmental and protective cellular mechanisms rather than taking over the part of a singular protagonist.
机译:黑纹状体多巴胺系统包括位于腹中脑的多巴胺能神经元,它们与前脑的轴突连接以及它们在纹状体复合物中的直接细胞靶细胞,即GABA能神经元。黑质纹状体多巴胺能单元的主要功能是在锥体束外水平上协调和精细调节运动功能。过去已经鉴定出许多生物活性因子,包括不同类型的生长因子(神经营养蛋白,TGFbeta家族的成员,IGFs)和肽/类固醇激素,它们参与了该神经系统发育方面的调控。此外,还发现其中一些具有开发活性的决定因素在涉及多巴胺能神经元的神经保护作用中起着至关重要的作用。雌激素被鉴定为干扰胚胎神经元分化和细胞存活的化合物。这些作用的生理机制非常复杂,包括与其他发育信号(生长因子)的相互作用,炎症过程以及凋亡事件,但还需要非神经细胞(如星形胶质细胞)的激活。看来雌激素承担了控制或至少影响多种发育和保护性细胞机制的作用,而不是接管了单一的主角。

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