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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Diversity of ovarian steroid signaling in the hypothalamus.
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Diversity of ovarian steroid signaling in the hypothalamus.

机译：下丘脑中卵巢类固醇信号的多样性。

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It is well known that many of the actions of gonadal steroids in hypothalamic neurons are mediated via intracellular receptor/transcription factors that interact with steroid response elements on target genes. Since the cloning of the intracellular steroid receptors/transcription factors, it has been assumed that most if not all of the actions of the gonadal steroids are mediated via these intracellular receptors. However, there now exist compelling evidence for membrane (G-protein-coupled) steroid receptors for estrogen and progesterone in hypothalamic and other brain neurons. But, it is not well understood how steroids signal via membrane receptors, and how these signals impact not only membrane excitability but also gene transcription in hypothalamic neurons. Indeed, it has been known for sometime that gonadal steroids can rapidly alter hypothalamic neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane delimited events. In addition, gonadal steroids can affect second messenger systems, including calcium and various kinases to prompt and/or alter cell signaling. Therefore, this chapter will consider our current knowledge of rapid (i.e., seconds to minutes) membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling as well as classical nuclear receptor signaling by gonadal steroids in hypothalamic neurons, the nature of these receptors and how they contribute to homeostatic functions.
机译：众所周知，性腺甾体在下丘脑神经元中的许多作用是通过细胞内受体/转录因子介导的，该因子与靶基因上的甾体反应元件相互作用。自克隆细胞内类固醇受体/转录因子以来，已经假定，性腺类固醇的大部分（如果不是全部）作用是通过这些细胞内受体介导的。但是，现在有令人信服的证据表明下丘脑和其他脑神经元中雌激素和孕酮的膜（G蛋白偶联）类固醇受体。但是，还没有完全了解类固醇如何通过膜受体发出信号，以及这些信号如何不仅影响膜兴奋性，还影响下丘脑神经元的基因转录。确实，一段时间以来，人们都知道性腺类固醇可以在几秒钟内迅速改变下丘脑神经元活动，这表明某些细胞效应可以通过膜定界事件发生。另外，性腺类固醇可以影响第二信使系统，包括钙和各种激酶，以促进和/或改变细胞信号传导。因此，本章将考虑我们目前对下丘脑神经元中性腺类固醇的快速（即几秒至几分钟）膜启动和细胞内信号转导以及经典核受体信号转导的了解，这些受体的性质以及它们如何对稳态功能作出贡献。

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