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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Hormonal influences on sexually differentiated behavior in nonhuman primates.
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Hormonal influences on sexually differentiated behavior in nonhuman primates.

机译：激素对非人类灵长类动物性行为的影响。

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摘要

Sexually dimorphic behavior in nonhuman primates results from behavioral predispositions organized by prenatal androgens. The rhesus monkey has been the primary primate model for understanding the hormonal organization of sexually dimorphic behavior. Historically, female fetuses have received high prenatal androgen doses to investigate the masculinizing and defeminizing effects of androgens. Such treatments masculinized juvenile and adult copulatory behavior and defeminized female-typical sexual initiation to adult estrogen treatment. Testosterone and the nonaromatizable androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, produced similar effects suggesting that estrogenic metabolites of androgens are not critical for masculinization and defeminization in rhesus monkeys. Long duration androgen treatments masculinized both behavior and genitalia suggesting that socializing responses to the females' male-like appearance may have produced the behavioral changes. Treatments limited to 35 days early or late in gestation differentially affected behavioral and genital masculinization demonstrating direct organizing actions of prenatal androgens. Recent studies exposed fetal females to smaller doses of androgens and interfered with endogenous androgens using the anti-androgen flutamide. Low dose androgen treatment only significantly masculinized infant vocalizations and produced no behavioral defeminization. Females receiving late gestation flutamide showed masculinized infant vocalizations and defeminized interest in infants. Both late androgen and flutamide treatment hypermasculinized some male juvenile behaviors. Early flutamide treatment blocked full male genital masculinization, but did not alter their juvenile or adult behavior. The role of neuroendocrine feedback mechanisms in the flutamide effects is discussed. Sexually differentiated behavior ultimately reflects both hormonally organized behavioral predispositions and the social experience that converts these predispositions into behavior.
机译：非人类灵长类动物的性二态性行为是由产前雄激素组织的行为易感性导致的。恒河猴一直是主要的灵长类动物模型，用于了解性二态性行为的激素组织。从历史上看，女性胎儿已接受高剂量的产前雄激素治疗，以研究雄激素的男性化和女性化作用。这类治疗使青少年和成人的交配行为男性化，并且女性对成人雌激素治疗的典型性性行为开始女性化。睾丸激素和不可芳香化的雄激素5alpha-dihydrotestosterone产生相似的作用，表明雄激素的雌激素代谢产物对于恒河猴的男性化和女性化作用并不关键。长期的雄激素治疗使行为和生殖器都男性化，这表明对女性的男性样外貌的社交反应可能导致了行为改变。限于妊娠早期或晚期35天的治疗会不同地影响行为和生殖器的男性化，表明产前雄激素的直接组织作用。最近的研究使胎儿雌性接触较小剂量的雄激素，并使用抗雄激素氟他胺干扰内源性雄激素。低剂量雄激素治疗只能使婴儿的发声明显男性化，并且不会产生行为上的女性化现象。接受妊娠后期氟他胺治疗的女性表现出男性化的婴儿发声和对婴儿的女性化兴趣。晚期雄激素和氟他胺治疗都男性化了一些男性青少年行为。早期氟他胺治疗阻止了男性生殖器的完全男性化，但并未改变其少年或成年行为。讨论了神经内分泌反馈机制在氟他胺作用中的作用。性别差异行为最终反映了荷尔蒙组织的行为倾向和将这些倾向转化为行为的社会经验。

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