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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Ghrelin-a hormone with multiple functions.
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Ghrelin-a hormone with multiple functions.

机译：Ghrelin-一种具有多种功能的激素。

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摘要

Ghrelin is brain-gut peptide with growth hormone-releasing and appetite-inducing activities. It is mainly secreted from the stomach mucosa but it is also expressed widely in different tissues and therefore may have both endocrine and paracrine effects. Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled growth hormone secretagogue receptor. In the current review we comprehensively summarize (i) the data available regarding the structure, expression pattern and regulation of ghrelin and its receptor; (ii) the available information regarding the effect of ghrelin on the pituitary hormone axis, appetite regulation, cardiac and gastrointestinal function, carbohydrate metabolism, adipose and reproductive tissue, cell proliferation and behavioral effects; (iii) experimental and clinical data regarding circulating ghrelin levels observed in various physiological and pathological conditions; and (iv) data on gene variations of ghrelin and its receptor. It is apparent that ghrelin is involved in many moreprocesses than originally envisaged, and in particular appears to have relatively less relevance to growth hormone physiology and more to the regulation of energy fluxes in the organism. Increasing data link ghrelin to the overall control of energy use and flow in situations where there is a limitation of energy sources and ghrelin appears to play a pivotal role in energy homeostasis.
机译：Ghrelin是具有生长激素释放和食欲诱导活性的脑肠肽。它主要从胃粘膜分泌，但在不同组织中也广泛表达，因此可能同时具有内分泌和旁分泌作用。 Ghrelin是G蛋白偶联的生长激素促分泌素受体的内源性配体。在本综述中，我们全面总结（i）有关生长素释放肽及其受体的结构，表达模式和调控的可用数据; （ii）关于生长素释放肽对垂体激素轴的作用，食欲调节，心脏和胃肠道功能，碳水化合物代谢，脂肪和生殖组织，细胞增殖和行为影响的现有信息; （iii）在各种生理和病理条件下观察到的有关循环生长激素释放肽水平的实验和临床数据; （iv）生长激素释放肽及其受体基因变异的数据。显然，生长激素释放肽比最初设想的参与更多的过程，特别是与生长激素生理的相关性相对较小，而与生物体能量通量的调节相对较小。在能源有限的情况下，ghrelin越来越多地将ghrelin与能源使用和流量的总体控制联系起来，ghrelin似乎在能量稳态中起着关键作用。

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