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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Central mechanisms of stress integration: hierarchical circuitry controlling hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness.
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Central mechanisms of stress integration: hierarchical circuitry controlling hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness.

机译：压力整合的主要机制：控制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质反应的分级电路。

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摘要

Appropriate regulatory control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical stress axis is essential to health and survival. The following review documents the principle extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms responsible for regulating stress-responsive CRH neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which summate excitatory and inhibitory inputs into a net secretory signal at the pituitary gland. Regions that directly innervate these neurons are primed to relay sensory information, including visceral afferents, nociceptors and circumventricular organs, thereby promoting 'reactive' corticosteroid responses to emergent homeostatic challenges. Indirect inputs from the limbic-associated structures are capable of activating these same cells in the absence of frank physiological challenges; such 'anticipatory' signals regulate glucocorticoid release under conditions in which physical challenges may be predicted, either by innate programs or conditioned stimuli. Importantly, 'anticipatory' circuits are integrated with neural pathways subserving 'reactive' responses at multiple levels. The resultant hierarchical organization of stress-responsive neurocircuitries is capable of comparing information from multiple limbic sources with internally generated and peripherally sensed information, thereby tuning the relative activity of the adrenal cortex. Imbalances among these limbic pathways and homeostatic sensors are likely to underlie hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical dysfunction associated with numerous disease processes.
机译：下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质应力轴的适当调节控制对于健康和生存至关重要。以下评论记录了负责调节下丘脑室旁核的应激反应性CRH神经元的主要外部机制和内在机制，这些机制将兴奋性和抑制性输入汇总到垂体的净分泌信号中。直接支配这些神经元的区域被灌注以传递感官信息，包括内脏传入，伤害感受器和脑室器官，从而促进对出现的稳态挑战的“反应性”皮质类固醇反应。在没有坦率的生理挑战的情况下，来自边缘相关结构的间接输入能够激活这些相同的细胞。这种“预期”信号在先天性程序或条件刺激可预测身体挑战的条件下调节糖皮质激素的释放。重要的是，“预期”回路与神经通路相集成，可在多个层面上维持“反应性”反应。压力响应神经回路的最终分层组织能够将来自多个边缘源的信息与内部生成的和周围感知的信息进行比较，从而调整肾上腺皮质的相对活动。这些边缘途径和体内稳态传感器之间的失衡很可能是与许多疾病进程​​相关的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质功能障碍的原因。

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