...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >The neuroanatomical axis for control of energy balance.
【24h】

The neuroanatomical axis for control of energy balance.

机译：用于控制能量平衡的神经解剖轴。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The hypothalamic feeding-center model, articulated in the 1950s, held that the hypothalamus contains the interoceptors sensitive to blood-borne correlates of available or stored fuels as well as the integrative substrates that process metabolic and visceral afferent signals and issue commands to brainstem mechanisms for the production of ingestive behavior. A number of findings reviewed here, however, indicate that sensory and integrative functions are distributed across a central control axis that includes critical substrates in the basal forebrain as well as in the caudal brainstem. First, the interoceptors relevant to energy balance are distributed more widely than had been previously thought, with a prominent brainstem complement of leptin and insulin receptors, glucose-sensing mechanisms, and neuropeptide mediators. The physiological relevance of this multiple representation is suggested by the demonstration that similar behavioral effects can be obtained independently by stimulation of respective forebrain and brainstem subpopulations of the same receptor types (e.g., leptin, CRH, and melanocortin). The classical hypothalamic model is also challenged by the integrative achievements of the chronically maintained, supracollicular decerebrate rat. Decerebrate and neurologically intact rats show similar discriminative responses to taste stimuli and are similarly sensitive to intake-inhibitory feedback from the gut. Thus, the caudal brainstem, in neural isolation from forebrain influence, is sufficient to mediate ingestive responses to a range of visceral afferent signals. The decerebrate rat, however, does not show a hyperphagic response to food deprivation, suggesting that interactions between forebrain and brainstem are necessary for the behavioral response to systemic/ metabolic correlates of deprivation in the neurologically intact rat. At the same time, however, there is evidence suggesting that hypothalamic-neuroendocrine responses to fasting depend on pathways ascending from brainstem. Results reviewed are consistent with a distributionist (as opposed to hierarchical) model for the control of energy balance that emphasizes: (i) control mechanisms endemic to hypothalamus and brainstem that drive their unique effector systems on the basis of local interoceptive, and in the brainstem case, visceral, afferent inputs and (ii) a set of uni- and bidirectional interactions that coordinate adaptive neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to changes in metabolic status.
机译：1950年代阐明的下丘脑进食中心模型认为，下丘脑包含对可用或储存的燃料的血源相关敏感的感受器，以及处理代谢和内脏传入信号并向脑干机制发出指令的整合基质。摄食行为的产生。然而，这里回顾的许多发现表明，感觉和整合功能分布在中央控制轴上，该中央控制轴包括基底前脑以及尾脑干中的关键底物。首先，与能量平衡有关的相互感受器的分布比以前认为的要广泛，瘦素和胰岛素受体的脑干补体，葡萄糖感应机制和神经肽介体具有突出的互补作用。通过证明相同的受体类型（例如，瘦素，CRH和黑皮质素）的各个前脑和脑干亚群的刺激可以独立地获得相似的行为效果，表明了这种多重表示的生理相关性。长期维持的，上丘脑上丘脑大鼠的综合成就也挑战了经典的下丘脑模型。去脑和神经功能完好的大鼠对味觉刺激表现出相似的判别性反应，对肠道的摄入抑制反馈也同样敏感。因此，在与前脑影响神经隔离的情况下，尾脑干足以介导对一系列内脏传入信号的食入反应。然而，无脑大鼠对食物缺乏没有表现出过度吞噬反应，这表明在神经学上完整的大鼠中，前脑与脑干之间的相互作用对于对缺乏的系统/代谢相关行为的反应是必需的。然而，与此同时，有证据表明下丘脑-神经内分泌对禁食的反应依赖于从脑干上升的途径。审查的结果与用于控制能量平衡的分布论模型（而不是分层模型）相一致，该模型强调：（i）下丘脑和脑干特有的控制机制，这些机制基于局部感受器和脑干驱动其独特的效应系统。情况，内脏，传入输入，以及（ii）一组单向和双向交互作用，用于协调对代谢状态变化的适应性神经内分泌，自主性和行为反应。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号