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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function of these novel neuromodulators.
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Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function of these novel neuromodulators.

机译：神经甾体：这些新型神经调节剂的生物合成和功能。

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Over the past decade, it has become clear that the brain is a steroidogenic organ. The steroids synthesized by the brain and nervous system, given the name neurosteroids, have a wide variety of diverse functions. In general, they mediate their actions, not through classic steroid hormone nuclear receptors, but through ion-gated neurotransmitter receptors. This paper summarizes what is known about the biosynthesis of neurosteroids, the enzymes mediating these reactions, their localization during development and in the adult, and their function and mechanisms of action in the developing and adult central and peripheral nervous systems. The expression of the steroidogenic enzymes is developmentally regulated, with some enzymes being expressed only during development, while others are expressed during development and in the adult. These enzymes are expressed in both neurons and glia, suggesting that these two cell types must work in concert to produce the appropriate active neurosteroid. The functions attributed to specific neurosteroids include modulation of GABA(A) and NMDA function, modulation of sigma receptor function, regulation of myelinization, neuroprotection, and growth of axons and dendrites. Neurosteroids have also been shown to modulate expression of particular subunits of GABA(A) and NMDA receptors, providing additional sites at which these compounds can regulate neural function. The pharmacological properties of specific neurosteroids are described, and potential uses of neurosteroids in specific neuropathologies and during normal aging in humans are also discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
机译：在过去的十年中，很明显，大脑是类固醇生成器官。由大脑和神经系统合成的类固醇，被称为神经类固醇，具有多种多样的功能。通常，它们不是通过经典的类固醇激素核受体，而是通过离子门控神经递质受体来介导其作用。本文概述了有关神经甾体的生物合成，介导这些反应的酶，它们在发育过程中和在成人中的定位以及它们在发育中和成人中枢和周围神经系统中的功能和作用机理的知识。类固醇生成酶的表达受到发育调节，某些酶仅在发育过程中表达，而另一些则在发育过程中和成年后表达。这些酶在神经元和神经胶质细胞中均表达，表明这两种细胞类型必须协同作用才能产生合适的活性神经甾体。归因于特定神经甾体的功能包括调节GABA（A）和NMDA功能，调节sigma受体功能，调节髓鞘化，神经保护以及轴突和树突的生长。神经类固醇也已经显示出可以调节GABA（A）和NMDA受体特定亚基的表达，从而提供这些化合物可以调节神经功能的其他位点。描述了特定神经甾体的药理特性，并讨论了神经甾体在特定神经病理学和人类正常衰老过程中的潜在用途。版权所有2000学术出版社。

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