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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Estrogen is more than just a 'sex hormone': novel sites for estrogen action in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
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Estrogen is more than just a 'sex hormone': novel sites for estrogen action in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

机译：雌激素不仅仅是一种“性激素”：在海马和大脑皮层中雌激素作用的新部位。

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For decades estrogen was thought of only as a "sex hormone," as it plays a fundamental role in regulating behavioral and physiological events essential for successful procreation. In recent years, estrogen has been shown to exert effects on the structure and function of the hippocampus and cortex. The discovery of a new estrogen receptor (ER-beta) and localization of ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNAs in the pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampus and ER-beta mRNA in rat cortex have provided new insight into how estrogen may directly modulate the structure and function of these neurons. Moreover, recent in vivo (125)I-estrogen binding studies have shown that nuclear estrogen binding sites are widely distributed in the pyramidal cells throughout CA1-3 of the hippocampus and laminae II-VI of the isocortex, demonstrating that ER mRNAs are translated into biologically active protein. The functional impact of estrogen receptor localization in the cortex and hippocampus may prove relevant to the emerging role for estrogen as a protective factor in neurodegenerative injury. This potential role is further highlighted by the recent findings that the expression of ER-alpha and ER-beta changes following ischemic brain injury and that these changes correlate with the hormonal modulation of protective factors. These data provide the first evidence that the expression of ERs in the adult cortex is not static, but instead, responsive to neuronal injury and perhaps additional factors that influence the cortical environment and status of these neurons. Together, these data indicate that estrogen has a far greater effect on the hippocampus and isocortex than previously thought. Furthermore, these new findings challenge our current thinking about steroid hormones and their mechanism(s) of action in regions associated with learning and memory and affected by the neurodegenerative conditions of aging. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
机译：几十年来，雌激素仅被认为是“性激素”，因为它在调节成功繁殖所必需的行为和生理事件中起着基本作用。近年来，已显示雌激素可对海马和皮质的结构和功能产生影响。新的雌激素受体（ER-beta）的发现以及大鼠海马锥体细胞中ER-alpha和ER-beta mRNA的定位以及大鼠皮层中ER-beta mRNA的提供，为了解雌激素如何直接调节雌激素这些神经元的结构和功能。此外，最近的体内（125）I-雌激素结合研究表明，核雌激素结合位点广泛分布在整个海马CA1-3和等皮质皮层II-VI的锥体细胞中，表明ER mRNA被翻译成具有生物活性的蛋白质。雌激素受体在皮质和海马中定位的功能影响可能与雌激素作为神经退行性损伤中的保护因子的新兴作用有关。最近的发现进一步表明了这种潜在作用，即缺血性脑损伤后ER-α和ER-β的表达发生了变化，并且这些变化与保护因子的激素调节相关。这些数据提供了第一个证据，表明成年皮质中ER的表达不是静态的，而是对神经元损伤以及可能影响这些神经元的皮质环境和状态的其他因素作出反应的。这些数据加在一起表明，雌激素对海马和等皮质的作用比以前认为的要大得多。此外，这些新发现挑战了我们目前对类固醇激素及其在与学习和记忆有关的区域中受到衰老的神经变性条件影响的作用机理的思考。版权所有2000学术出版社。

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