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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Functional morphology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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Functional morphology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

机译：视交叉上核的功能形态。

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摘要

In mammals, the biological clock (circadian oscillator) is situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a small bilaterally paired structure just above the optic chiasm. Circadian rhythms of sleep-wakefulness and hormone release disappear when the SCN is destroyed, and transplantation of fetal or neonatal SCN into an arrhythmic host restores rhythmicity. There are several kinds of peptide-synthesizing neurons in the SCN, with vasoactive intestinal peptide, arginine vasopressin, and somatostatine neurons being most prominent. Those peptides and their mRNA show diurnal rhythmicity and may or may not be affected by light stimuli. Major neuronal inputs from retinal ganglion cells as well as other inputs such as those from the lateral geniculate nucleus and raphe nucleus are very important for entrainment and shift of circadian rhythms. In this review, we describe morphological and functional interactions between neurons and glial elements and their development. We also consider the expression of immediate-early genes in the SCN after light stimulation during subjective night and their role in the mechanism of signal transduction. The reciprocal interaction between the SCN and melatonin, which is synthesized in the pineal body under the influence of polysynaptic inputs from the SCN, is also considered. Finally, morphological and functional characteristics of clock genes, particularly mPers, which are considered to promote circadian rhythm, are reviewed. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
机译：在哺乳动物中，生物钟（昼夜节律振荡器）位于视交叉上核（SCN）中，这是一个在视交叉正上方的小双侧配对结构。当SCN被破坏时，昼夜节律和激素释放的节律消失，将胎儿或新生儿SCN移植到心律不齐的宿主中可恢复节律。 SCN中有多种肽合成神经元，其中血管活性肠肽，精氨酸加压素和生长抑素神经元最为突出。这些肽及其mRNA具有昼夜节律性，可能受光刺激影响也可能不受光刺激影响。视网膜神经节细胞的主要神经元输入以及其他输入（例如来自外侧膝状核和ra核）的输入对于昼夜节律的夹带和转移非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们描述了神经元与神经胶质元件及其发展之间的形态和功能相互作用。我们还考虑了主观夜间受光刺激后SCN中即早基因的表达及其在信号转导机制中的作用。还考虑了在SCN和褪黑激素之间的相互相互作用，褪黑激素是在SCN的多突触输入的影响下在松果体中合成的。最后，综述了时钟基因特别是mPers的形态和功能特征，这些基因被认为可以促进昼夜节律。版权所有1999 Academic Press。

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