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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of leptin.
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Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of leptin.

机译：神经内分泌调节和瘦素的作用。

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The discovery of the adipocyte-produced hormone leptin has greatly changed the field of obesity research and our understanding of energy homeostasis. It is now accepted that leptin is the afferent loop informing the hypothalamus about the state of fat stores, with hypothalamic efferents regulating appetite and energy expenditure. In addition, leptin has a role as a metabolic adaptator in overweight and fasting states. New and previously unsuspected neuroendocrine roles have emerged for leptin. In reproduction, leptin is implicated in fertility regulation, and it is a permissive factor for puberty. Relevant gender-based differences in leptin levels exist, with higher levels in women at birth, which persist throughout life. In adult life, there is experimental evidence that leptin is a permissive factor for the ovarian cycle, with a regulatory role exerted at the hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal levels, and with unexplained changes in pregnancy and postpartum. Leptin is present in human milk and may play a role in the adaptive responses of the newborn. Leptin plays a role in the neuroendocrine control of GH secretion, through a complex interaction at hypothalamic levels with GHRH and somatostatin. Leptin participates in the expression of CRH in the hypothalamus, interacts at the adrenal level with ACTH, and is regulated by glucocorticoids. Since leptin and cortisol show an inverse circadian rhythm, it has been suggested that a regulatory feedback is present. Finally, regulatory actions on TRH-TSH and PRL secretion have been found. Thus leptin reports the state of fat stores to the hypothalamus and other neuroendocrine areas, and the neuroendocrine systems adapt their function to the current status of energy homeostasis and fat stores.
机译：脂肪细胞产生的激素瘦素的发现极大地改变了肥胖症研究领域以及我们对能量稳态的理解。现在人们公认瘦素是一种传入回路，通知下丘脑脂肪储存的状态，下丘脑传出物调节食欲和能量消耗。此外，瘦素在超重和禁食状态下还可以作为代谢调节剂。瘦素已经出现了新的和以前未曾怀疑的神经内分泌作用。在生殖过程中，瘦素与生育能力有关，是青春期的容许因子。存在基于性别的瘦素水平相关差异，出生时妇女的瘦素水平较高，并贯穿一生。在成人生活中，有实验证据表明瘦素是卵巢周期的许可因子，在下丘脑，垂体和性腺水平上发挥调节作用，并且在妊娠和产后发生无法解释的变化。瘦素存在于人乳中，并可能在新生儿的适应性反应中起作用。瘦素通过下丘脑水平与GHRH和生长抑素的复杂相互作用，在GH分泌的神经内分泌控制中发挥作用。瘦素参与下丘脑中CRH的表达，在肾上腺水平与ACTH相互作用，并受糖皮质激素的调节。由于瘦素和皮质醇显示出相反的昼夜节律，因此已经提出存在调节反馈。最后，已经发现对TRH-TSH和PRL分泌的调节作用。因此，瘦素向下丘脑和其他神经内分泌区域报告脂肪贮存的状态，并且神经内分泌系统使其功能适应能量稳态和脂肪贮存的当前状态。

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