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首页> 外文期刊>Aquaculture >Mariculture pond influence on mangrove areas in south China: significantly larger nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from sediment wash-out than from tidal water exchange.
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Mariculture pond influence on mangrove areas in south China: significantly larger nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from sediment wash-out than from tidal water exchange.

机译：海水养殖池塘对中国南方红树林地区的影响：泥沙冲刷产生的氮和磷含量明显高于潮汐交换所产生的氮和磷含量。

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The continued overexploitation of coastal fisheries has stimulated rapid development of coastal mariculture. Such mariculture can significantly increase nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to nearby coastal waters, but the pathways of these loadings have not been well studied. In this study, we quantified the nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in selected mariculture ponds next to two mangrove areas in south China: the Zhangjiangkou National Mangrove Nature Reserve in Fujian Province and Zhanjiang National Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province. We also estimated the nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from crab, clam and shrimp ponds for the entire coastal region of south China. The studied mariculture ponds - crab, clam and shrimp - had a net release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) through water exchange of -0.06, 0.31 and 1.17 kg N ha-1 yr-1, and a net release of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) of -0.01, -0.03 and 0.40 kg P ha-1 yr-1 respectively. In contrast, pond sediment wash-out resulted in total nitrogen (TN) loading of 96.38, 375.2, and 712.84 kg N ha-1 yr-1, and total phosphorus (TP) loading of 464.69, 488.18, and 353.86 kg P ha-1 yr-1, respectively, 100-1000 times higher than the loading from tidal water exchange. The NH4+-N:NO3--N ratio of the DIN during the ebb tide (mariculture output) was higher than that during the flood tide, indicating that the mariculture ponds could increase the NH4+-N in mangrove swamps. For the entire region of south China, about 239.5 t yr-1 of DIN and 42.8 t yr-1 of DIP were released through tidal water exchange of the mariculture ponds, while about 2.7x105 t yr-1 of TN and 1.7x105 t yr-1 of TP were released through the sediment discharge from the rearing and fodder ponds. Thus, most of the nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the nearby mangrove swamps are from sediment discharge rather than from tidal water exchange. Although preliminary results on the spatial distribution of loaded nutrients indicated that mangrove sediments could be a sink for nitrogen and phosphorus, the fates and impact of mariculture ponds discharge in the mangrove and other coastal wetlands require further investigation.
机译：沿海渔业的持续过度开发刺激了沿海海水养殖的快速发展。这种海水养殖可显着增加附近沿海水域的氮和磷含量，但尚未对这些含量的途径进行深入研究。在这项研究中，我们对邻近华南两个红树林地区的选定海水养殖池塘中的氮和磷预算进行了量化：福建省张江口国家红树林自然保护区和广东省湛江国家红树林自然保护区。我们还估算了整个华南沿海地区蟹，蛤和虾池中氮和磷的含量。所研究的海水养殖池塘-蟹，蛤和虾-通过水交换分别释放-0.06、0.31和1.17 kg N ha -1 yr -1的净溶解性无机氮（DIN） ，溶解无机磷（DIP）的净释放量分别为-0.01，-0.03和0.40 kg P ha -1 yr -1 。相比之下，池塘沉积物的冲刷导致总氮（TN）负荷为96.38、375.2和712.84 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ，总磷（ TP）负荷分别为464.69、488.18和353.86 kg P ha -1 yr -1 ，比潮汐水交换负荷高100-1000倍。退潮期间（海水养殖）DIN的NH 4 + -N：NO 3 - -N比产量）高于洪潮期间，表明海水养殖池塘可以增加红树林沼泽中的NH 4 + -N。在华南整个地区，通过海水养殖池的潮水交换释放了约239.5 t yr -1 的DIN和42.8t yr -1 的DIP。释放了大约2.7x10 5 t yr -1 的TN和1.7x10 5 t yr -1 的TP通过饲养池和饲料池的沉淀物排出。因此，附近红树林沼泽的大部分氮和磷负荷来自沉积物排放，而不是潮汐水交换。尽管对负载营养物空间分布的初步结果表明，红树林沉积物可能是氮和磷的汇，但红树林和其他沿海湿地中养鱼池排放的命运和影响尚需进一步研究。

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