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首页> 外文期刊>IAWA Journal >Description and evolution of wood anatomical characters in the ebony wood genus Diospyros and its close relatives (Ebenaceae): a first step towards combatting illegal logging
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Description and evolution of wood anatomical characters in the ebony wood genus Diospyros and its close relatives (Ebenaceae): a first step towards combatting illegal logging

机译：乌木属Diospyros及其近亲（Ebenaceae）中木材解剖人物的描述和演变（Ebenaceae）：朝着抗击非法伐木的第一步

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摘要

The typical black coloured ebony wood (Diospyros, Ebenaceae) is desired as a commercial timber because of its durable and aesthetic properties. Surprisingly, a comprehensive wood anatomical overview of the genus is lacking, making it impossible to fully grasp the diversity in microscopic anatomy and to distinguish between CITES protected species native to Madagascar and the rest. We present the largest microscopic wood anatomical reference database for ebony woods and reconstruct evolutionary patterns in the microscopic wood anatomy within the family level using an earlier generated molecular phylogeny. Wood samples from 246 Diospyms species are described based on standardised light microscope observations. For the ancestral state reconstruction, we selected eight wood anatomical characters from 88 Ebenaceae species (including 29 Malagasy Diospyros species) that were included in the most recently reconstructed family phylogeny. Within Diospyros, the localisation of prismatic crystals (either in axial parenchyma or in rays) shows the highest phylogenetic value and appears to have a biogeographical signal. The molecular defined subclade Diospyros Glade IX can be clearly distinguished from other ebony woods by its storied structure. Across Ebenaceae, Lissocarpa is distinguishable from the remaining genera by the combined presence of scalariform and simple vessel perforation plates, and Rayena typically has silica bodies instead of prismatic crystals. The local deposition of prismatic crystals and the presence of storied structure allow identifying ebony wood species at the subgeneric level, but species-level identification is not possible. In an attempt to improve the identification accuracy of the CITES protected Malagasy woods, we applied computer vision algorithms based on microscopic images from our reference database (microscopic slides from ca. 1000 Diospyros specimens) and performed chemical profiling based on DART TOFMS.
机译：由于其耐用性和审美性能，因此需要典型的黑色乌木木（Diospyros，Ebenaceae）作为商业木材。令人惊讶的是，缺乏全面的木材解剖学概述，使得不可能充分掌握微观解剖学中的多样性，并区分Cites保护原产于马达加斯加的物种和其余的物种。我们为乌木树林提供最大的微观木材解剖学参考数据库，并使用早期生成的分子系统进行了在家庭级别中重建微观木材解剖学中的进化模式。基于标准化的光学显微镜观测描述了来自246个二孢子物种的木样品。对于祖先的国家重建，我们选择了来自88种eBenaceae物种（包括29种马尔加什二烃类物种）的八种木解剖角，其中包括最近重建的家庭文学系统。在二孢子内，棱柱晶体的定位（轴向实质或射线）显示出最高的系统发育值，并且似乎具有生物地图信号。分子定义的亚克斯二旋流胶囊IX可以通过其存储结构清楚地与其他乌木树林区分开。在Ebenaceae上，Lissocarpa可以通过组合的尺寸和简单的血管穿孔板的结合存在，并且雷纳通常具有二氧化硅体而不是棱柱形晶体。棱柱晶体的局部沉积和存储结构的存在允许在亚基水平处识别乌木木种，但不可能识别物种级别。为了提高CITES保护的马拉加地区的识别准确性，我们基于来自我们的参考数据库（来自CA.1000偏二旋流标本的微观载玻片的微观图像的微观图像应用计算机视觉算法，并基于DART TOFM进行化学分析。

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