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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hymenoptera Research >Patterns of Usage of Snail Shells for Nesting by Wasps (Vespidae: Masarinae and Eumeninae) and Bees (Megachilidae: Megachilinae) in Southern Africa
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Patterns of Usage of Snail Shells for Nesting by Wasps (Vespidae: Masarinae and Eumeninae) and Bees (Megachilidae: Megachilinae) in Southern Africa

机译：南部非洲的黄蜂（大胡蜂科（Vespidae：Masarinae和Eumeninae））和蜜蜂（大胡蜂科（Megachilidae：Megachilinae））使用蜗牛壳筑巢的方式

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The present contribution to the knowledge of the use of snail shells for nesting by Hymenoptera in southern Africa adds considerably to the earlier contribution by the authors on this subject. It establishes that the strategy of nesting in sand-filledshells is commonly employed by Quartinia Ed. Andre (Vespidae: Masarinae) throughout the sandy winter rainfall areas. It records additional rearings from Quartinia nests of Allocoelia Mocsary (Chrysididae), Tricholabiodes Radoszkowski and an undescribedgenus (Mutillidae), and Apolysis hesseana Evenhuis and Greathead (Bombyliidae). Nesting by Tachysphex hermia Arnold (Crabronidae: Larrinae) in a sand-filled snail shell is recorded for the first time. It establishes that the distribution of use of snailshells for nesting by bees coincides with and extends along the south coast east of that of Quartinia. The bees (Megachilidae: Megachilinae) involved are osmiines, species of Wainia (Caposmia) Peters and Hoplitis (Anthocopa) Lepeletier and Serville, andanthidiines, including Afranthidium (Afranthidium) hamaticauda Pasteels, all cavity nesters using empty snail shells. The only other aculeate recorded as using empty shells is Alastor ricae Giordani Soika (Vespidae: Eumeninae). Parasitism in bee nests insnail shells is uncommon. Only Chrysis Linnaeus (Chrysididae) and Eupelminae (Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) were found, each at only two sites. The preferred snail shells are those of several species of Trigonephrus Pilsbry (Dorcasiidae) on the west coast and in the desertic areas and of Tropidophora ligata (Müller) (Pomatiidae) along the south coast to the east, all indigenous species. In some areas the habitats of these have been invaded by an exotic snail, Theba pisana (Müller) (Helicidae). Shells ofthis snail are used to a limited extent by the smaller nesters in snail shells. This exotic snail presents a threat to the indigenous snails and to the snail shell nesters. In some areas ongoing coastal development is also a threat.
机译：目前对南部非洲膜翅目昆虫利用蜗牛壳筑巢的知识的贡献大大增加了作者在这个问题上的早期贡献。它确定了Quartinia Ed通常采用在装满沙子的贝壳中嵌套的策略。整个沙尘暴的冬季，安德烈（Vespidae：Masarinae）。它记录了其他物种的繁殖，这些物种分别来自美洲金丝桃属（Allocoelia Mocsary），金毛菊（Tricholabiodes Radoszkowski）和一个未描述的属（Mutillidae），以及Apolysis hesseana Evenhuis和Greathead（Bombyliidae）。 Tachysphex hermia Arnold（Crabronidae：Larrinae）在充满沙子的蜗牛壳中筑巢的记录是第一次。它确定了蜗牛壳用于筑巢的分布与Quartinia以东的南海岸相吻合并沿其延伸。所涉及的蜜蜂（甲壳纲：Megachilinae）是osmiines，Wania（Caposmia）Peters和Hoplitis（Anthocopa）Lepeletier和Serville的种，以及蒽醌，包括Afranthidium（Afranthidium）hamaticauda Pasteels，所有的巢穴都使用空的蜗牛壳。记录为使用空壳的唯一其他针形藻是Alastor ricae Giordani Soika（Vespidae：Eumeninae）。蜂巢中的寄生虫很少见。仅发现了Chrysis Linnaeus（Chrysididae）和Eupelminae（Chalcidoidea：Eupelmidae），它们分别位于两个位置。首选的蜗牛壳是西海岸和沙漠地区的Trigonephrus Pilsbry（Dorcasiidae）和东南部南海岸的Tropidophora ligata（Müller）（Pomatiidae）的几种螺壳，均为土著物种。在某些地区，它们的栖息地已被异国蜗牛Theba pisana（Müller）（Helicidae）入侵。蜗牛壳中较小的嵌套器会在一定程度上使用此蜗牛的壳。这种异国情调的蜗牛威胁着本土蜗牛和蜗牛壳巢。在某些地区，持续的沿海发展也是一种威胁。

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