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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Forest Planning >The Influence of Forest Boundary Shape and Environmental Variables on Farmland Invasion by Wild Japanese Macaques
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The Influence of Forest Boundary Shape and Environmental Variables on Farmland Invasion by Wild Japanese Macaques

机译：森林边界形状和环境变量对日本猕猴入侵农田的影响。

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Crop damage caused by wildlife, including macaques, has become an increasingly serious problem in Japan. We focused on two Japanese macaque troops with adjacent home ranges. We calculated landscape indices of their habitats and measured differences infrequency of farmland invasion between the troops. Our objective was to determine the relationship between troop invasion frequency and landscape indices (size, shape, and configuration). Location data of the "Yonekura" and "Otsuki" troops were collected by radio telemetry from 2004 to 2006. The home range areas of the two troops were estimated using the Minimum Convex Polygon method. A land-cover map was acquired from remotely sensed imagery (ALOS/AVNIR-2). This map was classified into five landscapeclasses (forest, farmland, urban, grassland, and water). Troop home range areas were overlain on the land-cover map, and landscape patches included in home ranges were counted. To discern differences between troop habitats, the landscape index of each patch was calculated. Size, shape, and configuration of habitat were selected according to a previous study. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to identify environmental factors contributing to farmland invasion by the troops. We calculated the importance of the variables that contributed most to farmland invasion. The home range area of the Otsuki troop was larger than that of the Yonekura troop, and within the ranges, the ratio of farmland to home range and the ratio of urban land to home range were higher for the Otsuki troop. For each landscape index, a difference was found between the habitats of the two troops. In models of the two troops, distance between farmland and forest boundary and distance from a road were important factors. Moreover, the frequency of farmland invasion differed in distances from exclosure fences. Differences in farmland invasion between troops were attributable to differences in habitat landscape indices. The shape of the Otsuki troop habitat was relatively complex, increasing opportunities for macaques to come in contact with farmland. Our results show that it will become increasingly easy for Otsuki troop to invade farmland.
机译：在日本，由野生动物（包括猕猴）造成的农作物损害已成为日益严重的问题。我们集中于两个日本猕猴部队与相邻的范围。我们计算了它们栖息地的景观指数，并测量了部队之间农田入侵频率的差异。我们的目标是确定部队入侵频率与景观指数（大小，形状和配置）之间的关系。 2004年至2006年，通过无线电遥测收集了“米仓”和“大月”部队的位置数据。使用最小凸多边形法估算了这两个部队的所在地范围。从遥感图像（ALOS / AVNIR-2）获取了一张土地覆盖图。该地图分为五类景观（森林，农田，城市，草地和水）。在土地覆盖图上覆盖了部队的住宅范围区域，并对包括在住宅范围内的景观进行了计数。为了辨别部队栖息地之间的差异，计算了每个斑块的景观指数。根据先前的研究选择了栖息地的大小，形状和配置。应用广义线性混合模型确定导致部队入侵农田的环境因素。我们计算了对农田入侵影响最大的变量的重要性。大月军的家园面积比米仓军人的家园面积大，在此范围内，大月军人的耕地对家园的比例和城市土地对家园的比例更高。对于每个景观指数，发现两个部队的栖息地之间存在差异。在两支部队的模型中，农田与森林边界之间的距离以及与道路的距离是重要因素。而且，农田到防波堤的距离不同。部队之间农田入侵的差异归因于栖息地景观指数的差异。大月军栖息地的形状相对复杂，增加了猕猴与农田接触的机会。我们的结果表明，大月军入侵农田将变得越来越容易。

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