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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Arboriculture >The potential of mulch to transmit three tree pathogens.
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The potential of mulch to transmit three tree pathogens.

机译：覆盖物传播三种树木病原体的潜力。

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摘要

Field transmission of Sphaeropsis tip blight (caused by Sphaeropsis sapinea), Botryosphaeria canker (caused by Botryosphaeria ribis), and Armillaria root rot (caused by Armillaria gallica) was evaluated in a 6-year study of 30 saplings each of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis), and red oak (Quercus rubra) mulched with diseased needles, bark chips, and wood chips collected from mature trees. Half of the saplings were mulched with fresh mulch materials; half with materials first heated to 60 degrees C (140 degrees F). Sphaeropsis tip blight was the only disease that developed during the study, and pines mulched with heat-treated materials developed significantly fewer (P<=0.001) blighted tips than those mulched with fresh materials (6.8% versus 15.1%). Naturally occurring inoculum of S. sapinea and B. ribis were highly tolerant of heat in laboratory tests and remained viable after 6 weeks and 48 h exposure, respectively, to 55 degrees C (131 degrees F). Armillaria gallica mycelium and rhizomorphs did not withstand temperatures above 35 degrees C (95 degrees F) and 37 degrees C (98.6 degrees F), respectively. The heated mulch treatment was associated with a significant (P<=0.001.) growth boost in redbuds and oaks during the first two growing seasons. Redbuds averaged two times more height and diameter increment than plants mulched with fresh bark and wood chips. Heating diseased mulch to 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) diminished the threat of tip blight transmission and likely killed all forms of the pathogens..
机译：在一项为期6年的研究中，对奥地利松（Pinus nigra）的30棵树苗进行了为期6年的研究，评估了它的田间传播情况（由Sphaeropsis sapinea引起），Botryosphaeria溃疡病（由Botryosphaeria ribis引起）和Armillaria根腐病（由Armillaria gallica引起）。 ），东部紫荆花（Cercis canadensis）和红橡树（Quercus rubra）覆盖着病针，树皮屑和从成熟树木中收集的木屑。一半的树苗用新鲜的覆盖料覆盖。将一半材料先加热到60摄氏度（140华氏度）。鳞茎枯萎病是研究期间唯一发生的疾病，用热处理材料覆盖的松树枯萎的梢比用新鲜材料覆盖的松梢显着更少（P <= 0.001）（6.8％比15.1％）。在实验室测试中，天然存在的葡萄球菌和肋骨芽孢杆菌对热的耐受性很高，分别暴露于55摄氏度（131华氏度）的6周和48小时后仍能存活。蜜环菌的菌丝体和根形菌不能分别承受高于35摄氏度（95华氏度）和37摄氏度（98.6华氏度）的温度。在前两个生长季节中，加热的覆盖物处理与紫荆花和橡木的显着（P <= 0.001。）生长相关。紫荆花的高度和直径增量平均是覆盖有新鲜树皮和木屑的植物的两倍。将患病覆盖物加热到60摄氏度（140华氏度）可以减少叶枯病传播的威胁，并可能杀死所有形式的病原体。

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