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Itinerant exosomes: emerging roles in cell and tissue polarity.

机译:巡回外泌体:在细胞和组织极性中的新兴作用。

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摘要

Cells use secreted signals (e.g. chemokines and growth factors) and sophisticated vehicles such as argosomes, cytonemes, tunneling nanotubes and exosomes to relay important information to other cells, often over large distances. Exosomes, 30-100-nm intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVB) released upon exocytic fusion of the MVB with the plasma membrane, are increasingly recognized as a novel mode of cell-independent communication. Exosomes have been shown to function in antigen presentation and tumor metastasis, and in transmitting infectious agents. However, little is known about the biogenesis and function of exosomes in polarized cells. In this review, we discuss new evidence suggesting that exosomes participate in the transport of morphogens and RNA, and thus influence cell polarity and developmental patterning of tissues.
机译:细胞使用分泌的信号(例如趋化因子和生长因子)和复杂的媒介物(如糖体,细胞因子,隧穿纳米管和外来体)将重要信息传递给其他细胞,通常距离很远。外来体,在MVB与质膜胞外融合后释放的多囊体(MVB)的30-100 nm腔内囊泡,被越来越多地视为一种独立于细胞的通讯新模式。已显示外来体在抗原呈递和肿瘤转移以及传播传染原中起作用。然而,关于极化细胞中外泌体的生物发生和功能的了解甚少。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了新的证据表明外泌体参与了吗啡原和RNA的运输,从而影响细胞的极性和组织的发育模式。

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