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首页> 外文期刊>Psychology of sport and exercise >'You throw like a girl:' The effect of stereotype threat on women's athletic performance and gender stereotypes
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'You throw like a girl:' The effect of stereotype threat on women's athletic performance and gender stereotypes

机译：“你像女孩一样扔：”刻板印象威胁对女性运动表现和性别刻板印象的影响

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"Stereotype threat" occurs when people perform worse at a task due to the pressure of a negative stereotype of their group's performance. We examined whether female athletes may underperform at an athletic task if prompted to think about gender stereotypes of athleticism. We also explored whether gender stereotypes regarding general athletic ability would be affected by a standard stereotype threat induction. Design: We used a 2 (participant gender) × 2 (stereotype threat manipulation) factorial design with task performance and gender stereotypes of athleticism as dependent measures. Method: Female and male tennis and basketball college student athletes performed two athletic tasks relevant to their sport: a difficult concentration task and an easier speed task. Participants were told beforehand that (1) there was a gender difference on the tasks (to induce stereotype threat) or (2) there was no gender difference (to remove any preexisting stereotype threat). Results: On the difficult task, women performed worse than men only when stereotype threat was induced. Performance on the easier speed task was unaffected by the stereotype information. Interestingly, women's beliefs regarding women's and men's general athleticism were also affected by the manipulation. Conclusions: We concluded that one minor comment regarding a very specific athletic task may sometimes impair task performance and alter gender stereotypes of athleticism among women. Some implications for preventing negative stereotype threat effects are discussed.
机译：当人们由于团队绩效的负面刻板印象而在工作中表现较差时，就会发生“刻板印象威胁”。我们研究了如果提示女性思考运动的性别刻板印象，女运动员在运动任务上是否可能表现不佳。我们还探讨了关于一般运动能力的性别刻板印象是否会受到标准刻板印象威胁诱导的影响。设计：我们采用2（参与者性别）×2（刻板印象威胁操纵）析因设计，并以任务表现和运动的性别刻板印象作为相关度量。方法：男女网球和篮球学院的大学生运动员执行两项与他们的运动有关的运动任务：困难的专注力任务和较容易的速度任务。事先告知参与者（1）任务上存在性别差异（诱发刻板印象威胁）或（2）没有性别差异（消除已有的刻板印象威胁）。结果：在艰巨的任务上，只有在刻板印象威胁下，女性的表现才比男性差。较慢的速度任务的性能不受构造型信息的影响。有趣的是，妇女对男女综合运动的信念也受到操纵的影响。结论：我们得出的结论是，关于一项非常特殊的运动任务的一些小评论有时可能会损害任务的执行并改变女性运动能力的性别定型观念。讨论了防止负面刻板印象威胁影响的一些含义。

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