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Athletics and executive functioning: How athletic participation and sport type correlate with cognitive performance

机译：田径运动和执行功能：运动参与和运动类型与认知表现的关系

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摘要

This study aims to further the knowledge regarding the documented link between physical exercise and cognitive function. Specifically, we examined the relationship between the type and level of sports in which college students participate and their executive functioning (EF). Design: We utilized a 3-way quasi-experimental design, and grouped participants by athletic status (athlete or non-athlete), sport type (self-paced, externally paced, or non-athlete; see Singer, 2000), and level (high-skilled or recreational). Methods: We evaluated EF by administering a battery of validated tests of decision making, problem solving, and inhibition. Results: We found that athletes scored higher on some of the EF measures than non-athletes. Furthermore, we observed that scores varied by sport type according to which subset of EF each test measured. Self-paced athletes scored highest on an inhibition task, and externally paced athletes scored highest on a problem-solving task. Conclusions: Our results suggest that athletes outperform non-athletes on tests of such EF domains as inhibition and problem solving, and that different types of athletic experience may correlate with higher levels of particular EF domains.
机译：这项研究旨在进一步了解关于体育锻炼与认知功能之间已记录的联系的知识。具体来说，我们研究了大学生参加的体育运动的类型和水平与他们的执行功能（EF）之间的关系。设计：我们采用三项准实验设计，并根据运动状况（运动员或非运动员），运动类型（自定速度，外部定速或非运动员;请参阅Singer，2000年）和水平对参与者进行分组（高技能或娱乐性）。方法：我们通过管理一系列有效的决策，问题解决和抑制测试来评估EF。结果：我们发现运动员在某些EF措施上的得分高于非运动员。此外，我们观察到分数随运动类型的不同而变化，这取决于每个测试所测量的EF子集。自定进度的运动员在抑制任务中得分最高，而外在节奏的运动员在解决问题的任务中得分最高。结论：我们的结果表明，运动员在诸如抑制和解决问题等EF域的测试中表现优于非运动员，并且不同类型的运动经历可能与特定EF域的较高水平相关。

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