摘要:China's reform and open and modernization promotes social transformation, which accelerates the floating population in countryside. The characteristics of floating population in countryside is large number, large scale, complicated structure, and diversified cause, which brings about serious governance predicament in countryside such as unstable population, hollowing out population structure, decentralized authority, and low integration. In this historical process, analyzing carefully and objectively, the author thinks that the resolution of them is building the floating population security system in countryside, stepping up effort to invest in countryside, accelerating the speed of urbanization construction, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, constructing the flow mechanism of land, strengthening the effort to develop rural education resources, and intensifying the endogenous variables of rural management, ect.%改革开放和现代化建设的迅猛发展,推动了中国社会的快速转型.伴随这一过程,农村人口流动日益加剧.农村人口流动的数量多、规模大、结构复杂、原因多样.这种流动给广大乡村造成了严重的治理性困境.如乡村稳定"告急"、乡村人口结构趋向"空心化"、乡村土地使用权的分散化对农业发展的限制以及人口流动使乡村社会整合度大大降低等四大社会问题.走在历史的大弯道上,审慎而又客观地进行分析,我们认为,解决这一问题的根本出路在于:建立健全农村流动人口保障制度;加大对农村和农民的投资力度;加快城镇化建设步伐、缩小城乡差距;建立健全农村土地流转机制;加强乡村教育资源开发力度,强化乡村治理的内生变量等.