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Quality of life in patients with food allergy

机译：食物过敏患者的生活质量

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Food allergy has increased in developed countries and can have a dramatic effect on quality of life, so as to provoke fatal reactions. We aimed to outline the socioeconomic impact that food allergy exerts in this kind of patients by performing a complete review of the literature and also describing the factors that may influence, to a greater extent, the quality of life of patients with food allergy and analyzing the different questionnaires available. Hitherto, strict avoidance of the culprit food(s) and use of emergency medications are the pillars to manage this condition. Promising approaches such as specific oral or epicutaneous immunotherapy and the use of monoclonal antibodies are progressively being investigated worldwide. However, even that an increasing number of centers fulfill those approaches, they are not fully implemented enough in clinical practice. The mean annual cost of health care has been estimated in international dollars (I$) 2016 for food-allergic adults and I$1089 for controls, a difference of I$927 (95 % confidence interval I$324–I$1530). A similar result was found for adults in each country, and for children, and interestingly, it was not sensitive to baseline demographic differences. Cost was significantly related to severity of illness in cases in nine countries. The constant threat of exposure, need for vigilance and expectation of outcome can have a tremendous impact on quality of life. Several studies have analyzed the impact of food allergy on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in adults and children in different countries. There have been described different factors that could modify HRQL in food allergic patients, the most important of them are perceived disease severity, age of the patient, peanut or soy allergy, country of origin and having allergy to two or more foods. Over the last few years, several different specific Quality of Life questionnaires for food allergic patients have been developed and translated to different languages and cultures. It is important to perform lingual and cultural translations of existent questionnaires in order to ensure its suitability in a specific region or country with its own socioeconomic reality and culture. Tools aimed at assessing the impact of food allergy on HRQL should be always part of the diagnostic work up, in order to provide a complete basal assessment, to highlight target of intervention as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to cure food allergy. HRQL may be the only meaningful outcome measure available for food allergy measuring this continuous burden.
机译：发达国家的食物过敏症加剧，可能对生活质量产生重大影响，从而引发致命反应。我们旨在通过对文献进行全面回顾来概述食物过敏对这类患者的社会经济影响，并描述可能在更大程度上影响食物过敏患者生活质量的因素，并分析食物过敏的原因。提供不同的问卷。迄今为止，严格避免罪魁祸首的食物和使用紧急药物是控制这种状况的基础。诸如特异性口服或表皮免疫疗法以及单克隆抗体的使用等有前途的方法正在全球范围内进行研究。但是，即使越来越多的中心采用了这些方法，它们在临床实践中也没有得到充分实施。据估计，食物过敏成人的年均医疗保健费用为2016年国际元（I $），对照组为1089 I $，相差927 I $（95％置信区间I $ 324–I1530）。在每个国家的成年人和儿童中都发现了类似的结果，有趣的是，它对基准人口统计学差异并不敏感。在九个国家，费用与疾病的严重程度显着相关。不断暴露的威胁，保持警惕和对结果的期望可能对生活质量产生巨大影响。几项研究分析了食物过敏对不同国家成年人和儿童健康相关生活质量（HRQL）的影响。已经描述了可以改变食物过敏患者中HRQL的不同因素，其中最重要的是可感知的疾病严重程度，患者年龄，花生或大豆过敏，原产国以及对两种或更多种食物过敏。在过去的几年中，针对食物过敏患者的几种不同的特定生活质量调查表已经开发出来并翻译成不同的语言和文化。重要的是对现有问卷进行语言和文化翻译，以确保其在具有自身社会经济现实和文化的特定地区或国家中的适用性。旨在评估食物过敏对HRQL的影响的工具应始终是诊断工作的一部分，以便提供完整的基础评估，突出干预目标以及评估旨在治愈食物过敏的干预措施的有效性。 HRQL可能是可用于测量食物过敏的唯一有意义的结果指标，用于衡量这种持续的负担。

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