• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Implementing Ecological Integrity: Restoring Regional and Global Environmental and Human Health >AGRICULTURE, FOOD, POPULATIONS, NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
【24h】

AGRICULTURE, FOOD, POPULATIONS, NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

机译：农业，食品，人口，自然资源和生态完整性

获取原文
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Clearly, human numbers can not continue to increase indefinitely. Natural resources are already severely limited, and there is emerging evidence that natural forces already starting to control human population numbers through malnutrition and other severe diseases. More than 3 billion people worldwide are already malnourished (WHO, 1996). The reason for reduced per capita food production is due to a complex of reasons and changes during the past decade: cropland availability declined 20% and losses of soil because of erosion is increasing worldwide; irrigation declined about 12%; fish production declined about 10%; and the availability of fertilizer supplies essential for food production declined 23%. In addition, losses of food to pests has not decreased below 50% since 1990, and pollution of water, air, and land has increased, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of humans suffering from serious infectious and environmentally related diseases. Fifty-eight academies of science, including the U.S. National Academy of Sciences have pointed out that "Humanity is approaching a crisis point with respect to the interlocking issues" of population, natural resources, and sustainability (NAS, 1994, p. 13). The report emphasizes that science and technology have a limited ability to meet the basic needs of a rapidly growing human population with rapidly increasing per capita demands. Unfortunately, most individuals and government leaders appear unaware, unwilling, or unable to deal with the growing imbalances between human population numbers and the energy and environmental resources that support all life. The interdependence among the availability of life-supporting resources, individual standard of living, the quality of the environment, environmental resource management, and population density are neither acknowledged nor understood. Although we humans have demonstrated effective environmental conservation of some resources (e.g., water), overall we have a disappointing record in protecting essential resources from over-exploitation in the face of rapidly growing human populations (Pimentel and Pimentel, 1996). Historically, most decisions to protect the environment have tended to be based on isolated crises and are usually made only when catastrophes strike. Instead of examining the problem in a global and holistic manner, such ad hoc decisions have been designed to protect and/or promote a particular resource or aspect of human well being in the short-term. Our concern, based on past experience, is that these urgent issues concerning the human carrying capacity of the world may not be addressed until the situation becomes intolerable or, possibly, irreversible. With appropriate incentives and a global population control policy that respects basic individual rights, with sound resource use policies, plus the support of science and technology to enhance energy supplies and protect the integrity of the environment, an optimum human population of 2 billion for the Earth can be achieved. With a concerted effort, fundamental obligations to ensure the well being of future generations can be attained within the 21 st century. Individuals would then be free from poverty and starvation and live in an environment capable of sustaining human life with dignity. We must avoid letting human numbers continue to increase beyond the limit of the Earth's natural resources thereby forcing natural forces to control our numbers by disease, malnutrition, and violent conflicts over resources.
机译：显然，人类的数字不能继续无限期地增加。自然资源已经严重限制，并且有越来越多的证据自然力已经开始控制通过营养不良等疾病，严重的人口数。全球有超过3十亿人已经营养不良（WHO，1996）。之所以人均粮食产量下降是由于复杂的原因，并在过去十年间的变化：农田可用性下降了20％，而且由于侵蚀的土壤的损失正在世界范围内增加;灌溉下降约12％;鱼产量下降约10％;和化肥供应粮食生产至关重要的可用性下降了23％。此外，为害虫的食物损失还没有自1990年以来下降50％以下，水，空气的污染和土地有所增加，导致人类免受重大传染病和环境相关疾病的患者数量迅速增加。五十八个院校科学的，包括科学的美国国家科学院指出，“人类正接近相对于联锁问题危机点”人口，自然资源和可持续性（NAS，1994年，第13页）。报告强调，科学技术必须满足迅速增长的人口的基本需求与人均需求快速增长的能力有限。不幸的是，大多数个人和政府领导人似乎浑然不觉，不愿或无法处理，支持所有生活的人口数量和能源与资源环境之间日益失衡。生活配套资源，生活的各个标准的可用性之间的相互依存关系，环境，环境资源管理和人口密度的质量既不承认也不了解。虽然我们人类已经显示出一定的资源（例如，水）的有效保护环境，整体而言，我们必须在快速增长的人群（皮门特尔和皮门特尔，1996年）的脸部保护重要资源过度开发一个令人失望的记录。从历史上看，保护环境的大多数决定往往是基于隔离的危机和灾难时，罢工通常只发。相反，在一个全球性的和全面的方式审查问题，如特设决定的目的是为了保护和/或促进人类福祉在短期内是一个特定的资源或方面。我们所关心的，根据以往的经验是，直到情况变得无法忍受，或者可能是不可逆的关于世界的人口容量这些紧迫问题可能不会得到解决。通过适当的激励和全球人口控制政策，尊重基本的个人权利，健全资源利用政策，再加上科技支撑，提升能源供应，保护环境的完整性，2十亿为地球的最佳人口可以实现。有了协调一致的努力，基本义务，以确保福祉后代可以达到21世纪之内。那么个人会从贫困和饥饿和生活在能维持人的生命有尊严的环境中自由。我们必须避免让人口数量继续增加超出了地球的自然资源，从而迫使自然力的疾病，营养不良，以及对资源的暴力冲突控制我们的人数限制。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号