Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons, essential for the control of reproductive function in vertebrates, migrate over long distances and through different environments. During prenatal development they move from the nasal placode to the forebrain, along olfactory axons and through the cribriform plate. In the forebrain the GnRH-1 cells become integral components of the CNS-pituitary-gonadal axis, playing an essential role for reproductive maturation and maintenance of reproductive function in adults Defects in the migration of GnRH neurons result in deficient activation of the reproductive axis and delayed or absent pubertal maturation and in the human, give rise to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) or Kallman's syndrome (KS) when associated with anosmia.
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