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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in neuroendocrinology >Chemokines and their receptors in the central nervous system.
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Chemokines and their receptors in the central nervous system.

机译：中枢神经系统中的趋化因子及其受体。

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Chemokines are a family of proteins associated with the trafficking of leukocytes in physiological immune surveillance and inflammatory cell recruitment in host defence. They are classified into four classes based on the positions of key cystiene residues: C, CC, CXC, and CX3C. Chemokines act through both specific and shared receptors that all belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Besides their well-established role in the immune system, several recent reports have demonstrated that these proteins also play a role in the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, chemokines are constitutively expressed by microglial cells, astrocytes, and neurons, and their expression can be increased after induction with inflammatory mediators. Constitutive expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors has been observed in both developing and adult brains, and the role played by these proteins in the normal brain is the object of intense study by many research groups. Chemokines are involved in brain development and in the maintenance of normal brain homeostasis; these proteins play a role in the migration, differentiation, and proliferation of glial and neuronal cells. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 and its receptor, CXCR4, are essential for life during development, and this ligand-receptor pair has been shown to have a fundamental role in neuron migration during cerebellar formation. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression can be increased by inflammatory mediators, and this has in turn been associated with several acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. In the CNS, chemokines play an essential role in neuroinflammation as mediators of leukocyte infiltration. Their overexpression has been implicated in different neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, trauma, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, tumor progression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated dementia. An emerging area of interest for chemokine action is represented by the communication between the neuroendocrine and the immune system. Chemokines have hormone-like actions, specifically regulating the key host physiopathological responses of fever and appetite. It is now evident that chemokines and their receptors represent a plurifunctional family of proteins whose actions on the CNS are not restricted to neuroinflammation. These molecules constitute crucial regulators of cellular communication in physiological and developmental processes. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
机译：趋化因子是与生理免疫监视中的白细胞运输和宿主防御中的炎症细胞募集有关的蛋白质家族。根据关键半胱氨酸残基的位置将它们分为四类：C，CC，CXC和CX3C。趋化因子通过特异的和共有的受体起作用，这些受体都属于G蛋白偶联受体的超家族。除了在免疫系统中已确立的作用外，最近的一些报道还证明这些蛋白质还在中枢神经系统（CNS）中起作用。在中枢神经系统中，趋化因子由小胶质细胞，星形胶质细胞和神经元组成性表达，在炎症介质诱导后它们的表达可以增加。在发育中的和成年的大脑中都已经观察到趋化因子和趋化因子受体的组成性表达，这些蛋白在正常大脑中的作用是许多研究小组深入研究的目的。趋化因子参与大脑发育和维持正常的脑稳态。这些蛋白质在神经胶质细胞和神经元细胞的迁移，分化和增殖中起作用。趋化因子基质细胞衍生因子1及其受体CXCR4对于发育过程中的生命至关重要，并且已显示该配体-受体对在小脑形成过程中的神经元迁移中具有基本作用。趋化因子和趋化因子受体的表达可以通过炎性介质而增加，而这又与几种急性和慢性炎性疾病有关。在中枢神经系统中，趋化因子作为白细胞浸润的介质在神经炎症中起重要作用。它们的过表达与不同的神经系统疾病有关，例如多发性硬化症，创伤，中风，阿尔茨海默氏病，肿瘤进展以及与获得性免疫缺陷综合征相关的痴呆。神经内分泌和免疫系统之间的通讯代表了趋化因子作用的一个新兴领域。趋化因子具有激素样作用，特别调节发烧和食欲的关键宿主生理病理反应。现在很明显，趋化因子及其受体代表了一个多官能蛋白家族，其对中枢神经系统的作用不仅仅局限于神经炎症。这些分子构成了生理和发育过程中细胞通讯的关键调节因子。版权所有2001，学术出版社。

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