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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences >Phylogenetic Systematics of Okenia, Sakishimaia, Hopkinsiella and Hopkinsia (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with Descriptions of New Species from the Tropical Indo-Pacific
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Phylogenetic Systematics of Okenia, Sakishimaia, Hopkinsiella and Hopkinsia (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with Descriptions of New Species from the Tropical Indo-Pacific

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摘要

The anatomy of eight species of Okenia, four species traditionally placed in Hopkinsia and one species of Sakishimaia was examined. The descriptions of previously described species, Okenia pellucida, O. japonica, Hopkinsia rosacea, H. plana, H. pilosa, H. nakamotoensis and Sakishimaia kondoi were expanded from prior morphological studies. Six new species of Okenia are described from the Indo-Pacific tropics. Okenia brunneomaculata is described from specimens collected from Indonesia and the Philippines. Okenia purpureolineata is known only from Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands. Okenia kendi is described from specimens from Indonesia and the Philippines. Okenia virginiae is described from South Africa and is also known from Oman. Okenia lambat is described from the Philippines. Okenia liklik is described based on specimens from Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Preliminary phylogenetic studies reveal several important aspects about the relationships of these taxa. Collectively, these taxa appear to form a monophyletic clade. Okenia mediterranea is the most basal taxon in the present analysis and is the sister group to all of the other taxa. Hopkinsia, Sakishimaia and Hopkinsiella are nested within Okenia in the analysis presented. The characteristics employed to distinguish Sakishimaia and Hopkinsiella from Hopkinsia are not distinctly different or represent autapomorphies or symplesiomorphies. Hopkinsia, when Sakishimaia and Hopkinsiella are included, constitutes a monophyletic taxon. However, maintenance of Hopkinsia as a distinct taxon renders Okenia paraphyletic. On this basis, Hopkinsia, Hopkinsiella and Sakishimaia are considered as synonyms of Okenia to preserve the monophyly of this oldest taxon.

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