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首页> 外文期刊>The Science of the Total Environment >Chemical composition, mass size distribution and source analysis of long-range transported wildfire smokes in Helsinki
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Chemical composition, mass size distribution and source analysis of long-range transported wildfire smokes in Helsinki

机译：赫尔辛基远距离转移野火烟的化学成分，质量分布和来源分析

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Special episodes of long-range transported paniculate (PM) air pollution were investigated in a one-month field campaign at an urban background site in Helsinki, Finland. A total of nine size-segregated PM samplings of 3- or 4-day duration were made between August 23 and September 23, 2002. During this warm and unusually dry period there were two (labelled P2 and P5) sampling periods when the PM_(2.5) mass concentration increased remarkably. According to the hourly-measured PM data and backward air mass trajectories, P2 (Aug 23-26) represented a single, 64-h episode of long-range transported aerosol, whereas P5 (Sept 5-9) was a mixture of two 16- and 14-h episodes and usual seasonal air quality. The large chemical data set, based on analyses made by ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis and smoke stain reflectometry, demonstrated that the PM_(2.5) mass concentrations of biomass signatures (i.e. levoglucosan, oxalate and potassium) and of some other compounds associated with biomass combustion (succinate and malonate) increased remarkably in P2. Crustal elements (Fe, Al, Ca and Si) and unidentified matter, presumably consisting to a large extent of organic material, were also increased in P2. The PM_(2.5) composition in P5 was different from that in P2, as the inorganic secondary aerosols (NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-), NH_4~+) and many metals reached their highest concentration in this period. The water-soluble fraction of potassium, lead and manganese increased in both P2 and P5. Mass size distributions (0.035-10 μm) showed that a large accumulation mode mainly caused the episodically increased PM_(2.5) concentrations. An interesting observation was that the episodes had no obvious impact on the Aitken mode. Finally, the strongly increased concentrations of biomass signatures in accumulation mode proved that the episode in P2 was due to long-range transported biomass combustion aerosol.
机译：在芬兰赫尔辛基的一个城市背景站点进行了为期一个月的野外调查，调查了长距离运输的微粒（PM）空气污染的特殊事件。在2002年8月23日至9月23日之间，总共进行了9个大小为3天或4天的按大小分类的PM采样。在此温暖且异常干燥的时期，当PM_（ 2.5）质量浓度明显增加。根据每小时测得的PM数据和向后的空气质量轨迹，P2（8月23-26日）代表了一次64小时的远程运输气溶胶，而P5（9月5-9日）则是两个16 -和14小时发作和通常的季节性空气质量。基于离子色谱，电感耦合等离子体质谱，X射线荧光分析和烟渍反射法进行的大量化学数据表明，PM_（2.5）质量浓度为生物质特征（即左葡聚糖，草酸和钾） P2中与生物质燃烧有关的其他一些化合物（琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐）显着增加。 P2中还增加了地壳元素（Fe，Al，Ca和Si）和可能由大量有机材料组成的身份不明的物质。 P5中的PM_（2.5）组成与P2中的PM_（2.5）组成不同，因为在此期间无机次生气溶胶（NO_3〜-，SO_4〜（2-），NH_4〜+）和许多金属达到了最高浓度。 P2和P5中钾，铅和锰的水溶性分数均增加。质量尺寸分布（0.035-10μm）表明，较大的积累模式主要引起PM_（2.5）浓度的增加。有趣的发现是，这些事件对Aitken模式没有明显影响。最后，以积累模式强烈增加了生物质特征的浓度，证明P2中的事件是由于远距离运输的生物质燃烧气溶胶引起的。

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