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首页> 外文期刊>Review of international economics >Environmental Regulation and Revealed Comparative Advantages in Europe: Is China a Pollution Haven?
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Environmental Regulation and Revealed Comparative Advantages in Europe: Is China a Pollution Haven?

机译：欧洲的环境法规和明显的比较优势：中国是污染的天堂吗？

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摘要

The relocation of more polluting industries in poorer countries owing to gaps in environmental standards is known as the pollution haven effect, whereby the scale and the composition of output change across countries. Changes in the composition of the output mix might translate into changes of comparative advantages across countries, as revealed by trade flows. This paper focuses on this issue, looking at the changes in the structure of bilateral trade over the period 1996-2006 between China and 14 EU countries (EU14) as a measure of revealed comparative advantage (RCA). Using industry-level data on bilateral trade, air- and water-pollution intensity, and several measures of environmental stringency, we find that, after controlling for other factors (such as labor costs) on average our EU14 countries have kept or improved their RCA with respect to China in both water-polluting industries (such as paper and agro-based) and air-polluting industries (such as basic metals and chemicals), while they have lost competitiveness in the more clean industries (such as machinery and fabricated metals). Thus, we find no evidence of a pollution haven effect on the bilateral trade pattern between Europe and China.
机译：由于环境标准的差距，较贫穷国家中更多污染行业的搬迁被称为污染避风港效应，由此各国的产出规模和构成发生变化。贸易流量显示，产出结构的变化可能转化为国家间比较优势的变化。本文着眼于这个问题，考察了中国与14个欧盟国家（EU14）在1996-2006年间双边贸易结构的变化，以此作为显示比较优势（RCA）的一种方法。使用有关双边贸易，空气和水污染强度以及几种环境严格度的行业水平数据，我们发现，在控制了其他因素（例如劳动力成本）之后，我们的欧盟14国平均而言保持或改善了RCA。关于中国在水污染行业（例如造纸和农基行业）和空气污染行业（例如基本金属和化工行业）中，而它们却在较清洁的行业（例如机械和金属制成品）中失去了竞争力）。因此，我们没有发现污染避风港对中欧双边贸易格局产生影响的证据。

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  • 来源
    《Review of international economics》 |2012年第3期|p.616-635|共20页
  • 作者

    Daniela Marconi;

  • 作者单位

    Bank of Italy, International Economic Analysis and Relations Department, Via Nazionale,91-00184 Rome, Italy;

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