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The tandem of populism and Euroscepticism: a comparative perspective in the light of the European crises

机译:民粹主义与欧洲怀疑主义的串联:鉴于欧洲危机的比较视角

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摘要

Although populism does not constitute a new phenomenon per se, the recent success of older and the proliferation of new populist parties bring them a renewed attention. It is an obvious assumption that the multiple crises that Europe experienced in the last decade had a major impact on the development of populist and Eurosceptic parties. This article explicitly focuses the melange of populist and Eurosceptic parties in the context of the European debt and refugee crisis, and aims to unravel which impact each of the crises had on the demand side, namely the voters' support to populist-Eurosceptic parties. The analysis presents a differentiated perspective on the effects of each of the European crisis. Thus, only few of the older populists benefitted from the debt crisis whereas they could mobilize voters' votes during the refugee crisis. New populist parties however mostly emerged during the debt crisis. Beyond these diverging effects of the European crises, one unifying feature of all successful populist parties is their increases Eurosceptic and even nationalist stance. This result supports the assumption of the formation of a new transnational cleavage. Moreover, it supports that this cleavage running along inclusive versus exclusive and European/cosmopolite versus nationalist orientation cross-cuts the ideological axis.
机译:尽管民粹主义本身并不构成一种新现象,但老一辈的最近成功和新民粹主义政党的扩散使他们重新受到关注。一个明显的假设是,欧洲在过去十年中经历的多重危机对民粹主义和欧洲怀疑主义政党的发展产生了重大影响。本文明确强调了在欧洲债务和难民危机的背景下民粹主义和欧洲怀疑主义政党的混杂,并旨在揭示每种危机对需求方面的影响,即选民对民粹主义的欧洲怀疑主义政党的支持。该分析对每种欧洲危机的影响提出了不同的看法。因此,只有极少数的老年民粹主义者从债务危机中受益,而他们却可以在难民危机期间动员选民的选票。但是,新的民粹主义政党大多是在债务危机期间出现的。除了欧洲危机带来的各种分歧影响外,所有成功的民粹主义政党的一个统一特征是其对欧洲怀疑论甚至民族主义立场的增强。这一结果支持了新的跨国分裂形成的假设。此外,它支持这种分裂是沿着包容性与排他性,欧洲/世界主义与民族主义的取向相交,贯穿了意识形态的轴心。

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