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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of the National Research Centre >Inheritance of Yield and its Components Among Fl and F2 Maize Hybrids
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Inheritance of Yield and its Components Among Fl and F2 Maize Hybrids

机译：F1和F2玉米杂交种产量及其构成要素的遗传

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Four inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.): G4, G12, G221D and G307A, six F1 crosses, their reciprocals and six F2 crosses were used in this investigation. Data were taken on all plants for nine characters; plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, ear weight, grain weight per ear, weight of 100 kernels and grain yield per plant. The analysis of variance showed significant differences amonge genotypes for all studied characters. Also, significant variances for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained for all characters, except ear height for GCA. The inbred G307A was the best combiner for five characters. The two F1 crosses G4xG12 and G12xG307A revealed high SCA for all characters except weight of 100 kernels. The results indicated that non-additive genetic variance played the major role in the expression of all studied characters except weight of 100 kernels. Estimates of heritability in broad sense were high for all studied characters (0.71-0.94) comparing with those of the narrow sense (0.02-0.68). The crosses G12xG4, G12xG221D and G221DxG12 gave high positive heterotic values over better parents for all studied characters except weight of 100 kernels. Maternal effects were noted in the cross G4xG307A for grain yield per plant and in the cross G221DxG307A for ear height and weight of 100 kernels. No significant inbreeding depression was observed for any trait of the cross G4xG307A in F2 relative to F1. The overall effects of heter-ozygozity were significant in all traits except weight of 100 kernels. The ratios of dominant to recessive alleles indicated the excess of dominant genes controlling these characters. Two genes or two gene families exhibiting dominance were found to be controlling the inheritance of all studied characters except number of rows per ear and weight of 100 kernels. The heritability values obtained by using Hayman analysis model showed very high values for all traits (0.92- 0.95), in broad sense, except for ear height (0.76) and weight of 100 kernels (0.65). In a narrow sense, heritability values were low in the traits of ear diameter (0.22), weight of 100 kernels (0.24) and grain yield per plant (0.19), while the estimates were very low in the rest of characters.
机译：四个自交系玉米（Zea mays L。）：G4，G12，G221D和G307A，六个F1杂交，它们的倒数和六个F2杂交被用于这项研究。采集了所有植物的九个字符的数据。株高，穗高，穗长，穗直径，每只穗的行数，穗重，每只穗的粒重，100粒的重量和每株植物的谷物产量。方差分析显示，所有研究字符的基因型之间存在显着差异。此外，对于所有字符，除了GCA的耳高以外，其他所有字符的通用组合能力（GCA）和特定组合能力（SCA）均存在显着差异。自交系G307A是五个字符的最佳组合器。两个F1交叉G4xG12和G12xG307A揭示了除权重为100粒的所有字符的较高SCA。结果表明，除100粒粒重以外，非加性遗传变异在所有研究性状的表达中起主要作用。与狭义意义上的遗传力（0.02-0.68）相比，所研究的所有字符在广义上的遗传力评估都很高（0.71-0.94）。对于所有研究的字符，除100粒重的权重外，杂交G12xG4，G12xG221D和G221DxG12给出了比较好亲本高的正杂种值。 G4xG307A十字形对单株谷物的产量有影响，而G221DxG307A十字形对耳朵高度和100粒重的母亲有影响。 F2相对于F1的杂交G4xG307A的任何性状均未观察到显着的近亲衰退。除100粒粒的重量外，杂合子的所有效应在所有性状中均显着。显性和隐性等位基因之比表明控制这些特征的显性基因过多。发现两个基因或两个显示出优势的基因家族控制着所有研究字符的遗传，除了每只耳朵的行数和100粒的重量。使用Hayman分析模型获得的遗传力值显示，除耳高（0.76）和100粒重（0.65）以外，所有性状的极高值（0.92- 0.95）。从狭义上讲，在耳径（0.22），100粒重（0.24）和单株籽粒产量（0.19）的性状中遗传力值很低，而在其余特征中，遗传率值很低。

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