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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees >Un siecle de methodes de calcul d'ecrans de soutenement II- Les approches empiriques et semi-empiriques
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Un siecle de methodes de calcul d'ecrans de soutenement II- Les approches empiriques et semi-empiriques

机译：一个世纪的支持屏幕计算方法II-经验和半经验方法

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摘要

The breadth of variation in determining how flexible retaining walls and the supported soil interact, compared with the evaluation of active earth pressure (a problem raised and resolved ever since the 18th century in the case of gravity walls), is presented herein. Observations of actual structural behavior reveal that flexible walls are being submitted to thrust distributions very distinct from those experienced by gravity walls. The flexibility of the walls, along with their kinematic characteristics, play a determinant role in how thrusts are being distributed. The search for new computation models that allow ascertaining active earth pressure distributions is constrained by shortcomings in the set of currently-available tools. The resultant stress undergone by such structures, in light of their kinematic characteristics, may be approximated using methods inspired from the Coulomb method; the corresponding stress distribution however remains beyond the scope of computational capabilities. This distribution will produce a semi-empirical estimation based on observation of behavior exhibited by a large number of test structures. The semi-empirical approach will then be applied to evaluate deformations affecting both excavation supports and associated soil blocks. The present article draws conclusions on the potential uses and limitations of these empirical methods. While the methods prove rather crude and unable to incorporate all specificities of each structure, they still provide a valuable reference for describing structural behavior on the basis of real-world observations. For this reason, considerable efforts are underway to stimulate advances in the use of this methodology, through combined application with numerical methods.
机译：与评估主动土压力（自18世纪以来重力墙以来一直提出和解决的问题）相比，本文介绍了确定柔性挡土墙和被支撑土体相互作用方式的变化幅度。对实际结构行为的观察表明，柔性墙正经受着与重力墙所经历的截然不同的推力分布。壁的柔韧性及其运动特性在推力的分布方式中起着决定性的作用。在寻找可以确定有效土压力分布的新计算模型的过程中，受到了当前工具集的缺陷的限制。根据它们的运动学特性，可以使用库仑法启发的方法来估算此类结构所承受的合力；但是，相应的应力分布仍然超出了计算能力的范围。这种分布将基于对大量测试结构所表现出的行为的观察而产生半经验估计。然后将采用半经验方法来评估影响挖掘支撑和相关土块的变形。本文就这些经验方法的潜在用途和局限性得出结论。尽管这些方法被证明是相当粗糙的，并且不能兼顾每个结构的所有特性，但它们仍为根据实际观察描述结构行为提供了有价值的参考。由于这个原因，通过结合数值方法的应用，正在进行大量的努力以刺激这种方法的使用。

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