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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >Methane emissions from the Marcellus Shale in southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia based on airborne measurements
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Methane emissions from the Marcellus Shale in southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia based on airborne measurements

机译：根据机载测量宾夕法尼亚州西南部和西弗吉尼亚北部的马塞勒斯页岩中的甲烷排放量

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Natural gas production in the U.S. has increased rapidly over the past decade, along with concerns about methane (CH4) leakage (total fugitive emissions), and climate impacts. Quantification of CH4 emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) operations is important for establishing scientifically sound, cost‐effective policies for mitigating greenhouse gases. We use aircraft measurements and a mass balance approach for three flight experiments in August and September 2015 to estimate CH4 emissions from O&NG operations in the southwestern Marcellus Shale region. We estimate the mean ± 1σ CH4 emission rate as 36.7 ± 1.9 kg CH4 s−1 (or 1.16 ± 0.06 Tg CH4 yr−1) with 59% coming from O&NG operations. We estimate the mean ± 1σ CH4 leak rate from O&NG operations as 3.9 ± 0.4% with a lower limit of 1.5% and an upper limit of 6.3%. This leak rate is broadly consistent with the results from several recent top‐down studies but higher than the results from a few other observational studies as well as in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CH4 emission inventory. However, a substantial source of CH4 was found to contain little ethane (C2H6), possibly due to coalbed CH4 emitted either directly from coalmines or from wells drilled through coalbed layers. Although recent regulations requiring capture of gas from the completion venting step of the hydraulic fracturing appear to have reduced losses, our study suggests that for a 20 year time scale, energy derived from the combustion of natural gas extracted from this region will require further controls before it can exert a net climate benefit compared to coal.
机译：在过去十年中，美国的天然气产量迅速增长，同时人们也担心甲烷（CH4）泄漏（总逃逸性排放）和气候影响。量化石油和天然气（O＆NG）作业产生的CH4排放对于建立科学合理，具有成本效益的缓解温室气体排放政策非常重要。我们在2015年8月和2015年9月的三个飞行实验中使用了飞机测量和质量平衡方法，以估算西南Marcellus页岩地区O＆NG作业产生的CH4排放。我们估计平均±1σCH4排放率为36.7±1.9 kg CH4 s -1 （或1.16±0.06 Tg CH4 yr -1 ），其中59％来自O＆NG作业。我们估计O＆NG作业的平均CH4泄漏率为3.9±0.4％，下限为1.5％，上限为6.3％。该泄漏率与最近几项自上而下的研究结果基本一致，但高于其他一些观察性研究以及美国环境保护署CH4排放清单中的结果。但是，发现大量的CH4来源几乎不含乙烷（C2H6），这可能是由于煤层CH4直接从煤矿或通过煤层钻探的井中排放出来的。尽管最近的法规要求从水力压裂的完全放空步骤中捕获天然气，似乎减少了损失，但我们的研究表明，在20年的时间范围内，从该地区提取的天然气燃烧所产生的能量将需要进一步的控制，然后才能进行。与煤炭相比，它可以发挥气候效益。

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