The factors that influence the forming of large size fragments after the perforating charge explosion were ex-perimental studied against the negative impacts on the wellbore like shell fragments pollution after using perforating charge underground. Through changing thethickness, material,external groove parameters of the shell, the size of the fragments that result from the shell rupture will be changed, and the fragment recovery will be improved. The results show that when the shell thickness is 6. 0 mm, the material is 20#steel and the number of external groove which is 3. 0 millimeters wide and 4. 0 millimeters deep is four, the mass of the shell fragments whose size are not less than 9. 53 millimeters account for 83. 1%of all the shell fragments obtained from the fragments collection test of single perforating charge, indicating that most of the shell fragments are stuck in the perforating gun body. So the shell fragments pollution can be reduced effectively and the occurrence rate of gun jams during the perforating job will decrease too.%针对油气井下作业后射孔弹壳体破片对井筒的污染等负面影响，文中对射孔弹壳体爆炸后形成大尺寸破片的影响因素进行了试验研究，通过改变壳体厚度、材料、外部刻槽参数，进而改变壳体破裂后的破片尺寸，增加破片回收率。结果表明：壳体厚度为6.0 mm、材料为20＃钢、壳体外表面刻4条槽、槽宽为3.0 mm、槽深为4.0 mm时，通过单发射孔弹破片收集试验可得尺寸≥9.53 mm的破片，回收率可达83.1％，使得大部分壳体破片滞留在射孔枪体内，有效减少壳体破片对井筒的污染，降低射孔作业卡枪事故发生的风险。
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