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A unified innovation process model for engineering designers and managers.

机译：工程设计人员和管理人员的统一创新过程模型。

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Leaders in business, engineering and politics consistently preach the need for innovative solutions to solve today's problems and to strengthen the global economy. At the same time, there is relatively little understanding of how people create new concepts during the front-end of innovation. Innovation management research has traditionally been centered around the design process from an economic point of view, whereas engineering research has focused on modeling the path of solution evolution. The research presented in this dissertation combines these two distinct perspectives into a unified model. This model describes how designers gain the insights needed to create novel solutions and how reviewers can have both positive and negative effects on the design process. The supporting research focuses on the largely unacknowledged negative effects.;The research is based on evidence collected over five years in a globally distributed, graduate level design curriculum that challenges students with realworld problems. Based on a study of the top-performing teams, it has been found that these teams gained their key insights while building and testing prototypes, rather than while deliberating the possible merits of ideas. It is therefore hypothesized that designers who move promptly and frequently from planning to execution will develop more innovative solutions to design problems. Furthermore, interviews with members and reviewers of these design teams, and an analysis of their design processes, reveal that these teams regularly moved towards executing an idea despite advice to the contrary from reviewers or experts. This suggests that reviewers or experts who censor ideas, whether knowingly or unknowingly, before they can be tested have a marked detrimental effect on the ability of designers to gain insights.;A model of the design process that fuses the designer's and the reviewer's point of view has been developed. This model represents a kernel that is expected to apply universally to all phases and levels of the design process. It includes three activities (Plan, Execute, Synthesize) and the feedback pathways that are initiated by the designers themselves, as well as those activated by outside reviewers. The model, which provides a logical explanation for the discoveries above, is supplemented and clarified by an ontology. This ontology specifies the model's actors, functions, and rules in addition to demonstrating its internal consistency.;The model is proposed as a possible explanation for the consistent innovative success of companies such as 3M, Google or Genentech. It is also expected to serve as a training tool for managers and designers alike and as an instrumentation map for future research in the fields of both management and design.;The hypotheses have also been tested quantitatively by examining the relationships between design performance, documented design activities, and communication with reviewers and coaches. The analysis shows that transitions from planning to execution and breadth of search for solutions correlate positively and significantly with design performance. It also shows that communication by coaches correlates positively and significantly with design activity, especially prototyping, and that communication by a particular reviewer, who is a self-proclaimed 'anti-censor', correlates positively and significantly with design performance.
机译：商业，工程和政治领域的领导人始终鼓吹着对创新解决方案的需求，以解决当今的问题并增强全球经济。同时，对于人们在创新的前端如何创造新概念的了解还很少。从经济的角度来看，创新管理研究传统上一直围绕设计过程进行，而工程研究则侧重于对解决方案演进的路径进行建模。本文的研究将这两种截然不同的观点结合成一个统一的模型。该模型描述了设计师如何获得创建新颖解决方案所需的见解，以及审阅者如何对设计过程产生积极和消极的影响。支持性研究集中在很大程度上未认识到的负面影响。这项研究基于五年来在全球分布的研究生级设计课程中收集的证据，该课程挑战有现实问题的学生。根据对表现最好的团队的研究，发现这些团队在构建和测试原型时（而不是在考虑想法的可能优点时）获得了关键见识。因此可以假设，从计划到执行迅速而频繁地移动的设计师将为设计问题开发更具创新性的解决方案。此外，对这些设计团队的成员和审阅者的访谈以及对他们的设计过程的分析表明，尽管审阅者或专家提出了相反的建议，这些团队仍会定期执行想法。这表明审查者或专家在对其进行测试之前（无论是有意还是无意地）审查其思想对设计师获得洞察力的能力均具有明显的有害影响。设计过程模型融合了设计师和审查者的观点。视图已经开发。该模型表示一个内核，可以预期将其普遍应用于设计过程的所有阶段和级别。它包括三个活动（计划，执行，综合）和设计者自己发起的反馈路径，以及由外部审阅者激活的反馈路径。该模型为上述发现提供了逻辑上的解释，并通过本体进行了补充和阐明。该本体除了说明其内部一致性外，还指定了该模型的参与者，功能和规则。该模型是为3M，Google或Genentech等公司的持续创新成功提供的可能解释。它也有望被用作对管理者和设计师的培训工具，并作为将来在管理和设计领域进行研究的工具图。假设还通过检查设计性能，文件化设计之间的关系进行了定量检验。活动，并与审稿人和教练进行沟通。分析表明，从计划到执行的过渡以及寻找解决方案的广度与设计性能呈正相关且显着相关。它还表明，教练之间的沟通与设计活动（尤其是原型设计）具有正相关且显着相关，而自称为“反审查员”的特定审阅者与设计性能也具有显着正相关。

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