Raw materials account for over 60 per cent of the cost of hot metal production in classical blast furnaces and the principal cost component is cost of coke. Dependence on coke is a traditional weakness of blast furnace ironmaking and while efforts have been made to evolve alternative ironmaking technologies which do not use coke, such as direct reduction, smelting reduction, and the more recent method of making iron carbide, blast furnaces continue to be the most efficient means of producing bulk hot metal even today. Coal injection, to the extent of 150 - 200 kg/t of hot metal, has been one of the major innovations made in blast furnaces to decrease cost and to reduce the dependence on coke. This has, however, given rise to more stringent coke property requirements (which often means more expensive coke) - a 'tail spin' of sorts! As far as the alternative non-coke ironmaking processes are concerned, lump ore, fines and pellets can be used in both DR and SR processes. Iron carbide production uses iron ore fines directly and was, therefore, considered to hold considerable promise but experience in Trinidad has shown that the process operates stably only over a restricted range of pressure and temperature. The ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the process gas is also important for process efficiency and, in fact, the presence of carbon monoxide is often deleterious. Such specific issues of all the iron production systems are discussed. The paper presents a summary of how raw materials affect the ironmaking processes.
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机译：在传统高炉中，原材料占铁水生产成本的60％以上，主要成本构成是焦炭成本。依赖焦炭是高炉炼铁的传统弱点，尽管已努力发展不使用焦炭的替代炼铁技术，例如直接还原，冶炼还原以及最近的制造碳化铁的方法，但高炉仍在继续即使在今天，也成为生产大块铁水的最有效手段。喷煤量高达150-200 kg / t的铁水，已成为高炉降低成本和减少对焦炭依赖的重大创新之一。但是，这导致了对焦炭性能的更严格要求（这通常意味着更昂贵的焦炭）-某种“尾巴旋转”！就替代性非焦炼铁工艺而言，块矿，粉矿和球团矿可用于DR和SR工艺。碳化铁生产直接使用铁矿粉，因此被认为具有很大的前景，但特立尼达的经验表明，该工艺仅在一定的压力和温度范围内才能稳定运行。工艺气体中氢气与一氧化碳的比例对于工艺效率也很重要，实际上，一氧化碳的存在通常是有害的。讨论了所有铁生产系统中的此类特定问题。本文总结了原材料如何影响炼铁工艺。
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