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首页> 外文会议>220th American Chemical Society, Meeting 2000 Washington, D.C. >Terrestrial Field Soil Dissipation Studies in Pesticide Environmental Risk Assessment
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Terrestrial Field Soil Dissipation Studies in Pesticide Environmental Risk Assessment

机译：农药环境风险评估中的陆地土壤耗散研究

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Field dissipation studies are a key data requirement for the registration of crop protection products. Guidelines for the conduct of these studies have been developed by many countries and have similar (but not quite identical) specifications. Recently a proposal to revise the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Canadian guidance has been put forward and promulgated as a potential Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidance document; this proposal adds requirements for the studies to address the relative importance of all routes of dissipation and fully characterize the compound's dissipation in terms of "mass balance" by the incorporation of additional "modules" such as leaching and runoff. This has prompted a detailed review of the function of Terrestrial Field Soil Dissipation (TFSD) studies within regulatory risk assessment schemes from which it became apparent that, in the USA, the current TFSD study is not used significantly in risk assessment or to trigger further studies. Surprisingly, despite the high financial and reviewing costs of these studies for both regulators and industry, they provide little useful return on investment. While the proposal to design a more comprehensive study offers several advantages, a detailed review shows that, in most cases, the resulting study will not adequately address the objective of understanding mass balance. Moreover, while some modules can easily be combined with field soil dissipation elements, some of the proposed add-in "modules" are incompatible with one another as well as with the traditional conduct of field soil dissipation studies such that attempts to incorporate them all are likely to result in unproductive compromises. It is proposed that a simple guideline be developed that describes a minimum set of data to measure surface soil dissipation. The study director should then be obliged to provide additional details as needed on a case-by-case basis in order to account for other potentially important dissipation mechanisms. These modules could be added to the TFSD study if appropriate or conducted as separate studies (as is generally done at present) at the discretion of the study director. Terrestrial field soil dissipation study findings would be compared with laboratory study and exposure modeling data to identify any discrepancies that require further field, laboratory or modeling effort. Ultimately, the combined laboratory, field and modeling data sets should be used to develop an environmental fate overview that adequately describes the environmental fate of the parent material and degradates and shows that the modeled estimated exposures used for risk assessments are supported by field dissipation data to demonstrate that modeled values are "reasonable".
机译：田间耗散研究是作物保护产品注册的关键数据要求。许多国家已经制定了进行这些研究的指南，并且具有相似（但不完全相同）的规范。最近，已提出并修订了美国环境保护署（EPA）和加拿大指南的提案，并将其作为潜在的经济合作与发展组织（OECD）指南文件发布；该建议增加了研究的要求，以解决所有耗散途径的相对重要性，并通过结合其他“模块”（如淋滤和径流），以“质量平衡”充分表征化合物的耗散。这促使人们对监管风险评估计划中的陆上土壤耗散（TFSD）研究的功能进行了详细的审查，从中可以明显看出，在美国，当前的TFSD研究并未大量用于风险评估或触发进一步的研究。令人惊讶的是，尽管这些研究为监管机构和行业带来了高昂的财务和审查成本，但它们提供的投资回报却很少。虽然设计一个更全面的研究的建议具有多个优点，但详细的审查显示，在大多数情况下，所得研究将不足以解决理解质量平衡的目标。此外，尽管有些模块可以很容易地与田间土壤消散元素结合在一起，但某些建议的附加“模块”彼此之间以及与传统的田间土壤消散研究方法都不兼容，因此尝试将它们全部纳入可能导致无效的妥协。建议制定一个简单的指南，该指南描述了测量地表土壤耗散的最小数据集。然后，研究负责人必须根据具体情况，根据需要提供其他详细信息，以便说明其他可能重要的耗散机制。如果合适，可以将这些模块添加到TFSD研究中，或者由研究主管自行决定将其作为单独的研究进行（目前通常如此）。地面田间土壤耗散研究结果将与实验室研究和暴露模型数据进行比较，以识别需要进一步田间，实验室或模型工作的差异。最终，应该使用组合的实验室，现场和建模数据集来制定环境归宿概述，以充分描述母体材料的环境归宿并进行降解，并显示用于风险评估的建模估计暴露受田间耗散数据的支持。证明建模值是“合理的”。

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